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Global governance, foreign policy and the geopolitics of health

Global governance describes intergovernmental and multi-stakeholder engagement in setting health policies and promoting accountability and transparency at a supranational level. Some of the institutions involved are health specific (e.g., the World Health Organization, UNAIDS and UNICEF), others have multiple agendas (e.g., World Bank), while others have non-health agendas that nonetheless affect health outcomes within and between countries (e.g., the World Trade Organization, International Labour Organization, International Monetary Fund, and United Nations Development Program, to name a few). Several have treaty-making authority with direct or indirect global health implications. The re-emergence of powerful global philanthropies and the rise of global public-private partnerships pose governance challenges. Government engagement in global health governance is shaped by their foreign policy preferences. How health is placed and framed within countries’ foreign policies has become of topic of global health research often described as ‘global health diplomacy.’ Geopolitics, in turn, captures diplomatic or forceful efforts to influence or exercise power at international scales (global and regional) that embody a country’s economic or political ambitions.

Papers submitted under this section will examine both global governance opportunities and risks through studies of the creation of and health impacts of governance structures and their power politics and conflicts of interest; regulatory regimes or framework conventions; voluntary corporate social responsibility initiatives; and/or progressive taxation policies or agreements. Papers will also explore governments’ health and foreign policy positions, processes of intergovernmental negotiations, coherence (or incoherence) between differing foreign policy goals, how different global health actors work to place health higher as both a domestic and foreign policy priority, and the relationship between countries’ geopolitical interests and their health foreign policy framing.  

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  1. United Nations (UN) agencies are influential global health actors that can introduce legal instruments to call on Member States to act on pressing issues. This paper examines the deployment and strength of glo...

    Authors: Fiona Sing, Sally Mackay, Margherita Cinà and Boyd Swinburn
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:45
  2. There has been remarkable tobacco control progress in many places around the globe. Tobacco industry interference (TII) has been identified as the most significant barrier to further implementation of the Worl...

    Authors: Britta K. Matthes, Praveen Kumar, Sarah Dance, Tom Hird, Angela Carriedo Lutzenkirchen and Anna B. Gilmore
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:42
  3. Covid-19 is not the first pandemic to challenge GHG. Preceding outbreaks and epidemics were sources of continuous debate on GHG leadership and structure resulting in its current structure. However, Covid-19 pr...

    Authors: Wafa Abu El Kheir-Mataria, Hassan El-Fawal and Sungsoo Chun
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:24
  4. African countries have not had the high case and death rates from COVID-19 as was predicted early in the pandemic. It is not well understood what factors modulated the rate of COVID-19 cases and death on the c...

    Authors: Iyabo O. Obasanjo, Zain Ahmad, Somasheker Akkaladevi, Adeyemi Adekoya and Olayide Abass
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:20
  5. Evidence is mounting that the ultra - processed food industry seeks to influence food and nutrition policies in ways that support market growth and protect against regulatory threats, often at the expense of p...

    Authors: Oliver Huse, Erica Reeve, Paul Zambrano, Colin Bell, Anna Peeters, Gary Sacks, Phillip Baker and Kathryn Backholer
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:16
  6. The COVID-19 outbreak has shifted the course in the global health debate further towards health security and biomedical issues. Even though global health had already played a growing role in the international ...

    Authors: Jens Holst and Remco van de Pas
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:15
  7. Self-regulation of payment disclosure by pharmaceutical industry trade groups is a major global approach to increasing transparency of financial relationships between drug companies and healthcare professional...

    Authors: Piotr Ozieranski, Hiroaki Saito, Emily Rickard, Shai Mulinari and Akihiko Ozaki
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:14
  8. Multistakeholder collaboration has emerged as a dominant approach for engaging and mobilising non-state actors; notably embedded in the paradigm of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Yet, considerable ambig...

    Authors: Dori Patay, Rob Ralston, Aliyah Palu, Alexandra Jones, Jacqui Webster and Kent Buse
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2023 19:11
  9. Emergency-use-authorization (EUA) is the representative biodefense policy that allows the use of unlicensed medical countermeasures or off-label use of approved medical countermeasures in response to public he...

    Authors: HyunJung Kim
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:100
  10. Government’s investment policy is an important driver of food system activities, which in turn influence consumers practices, dietary consumption patterns and nutrition-related health of populations. While gov...

    Authors: Sirinya Phulkerd, Ashley Schram, Jeff Collin, Anne-Marie Thow, Yandisa Ngqangashe, Carmen Huckel Schneider and Sharon Friel
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:94
  11. The practices of transnational corporations (TNCs) affect population health through unhealthy products, shaping social determinants of health, or influencing the regulatory structures governing their activitie...

    Authors: Julia Anaf, Fran Baum, Matt Fisher, Fiona Haigh, Emma Miller, Hailay Gesesew and Nicholas Freudenberg
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:80
  12. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended a comprehensive policy package for their prevention and control. However, implem...

    Authors: Sarah Mounsey, Gade Waqa, Briar McKenzie, Erica Reeve, Jacqui Webster, Colin Bell and Anne Marie Thow
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:79
  13. At a time when a highly contagious pandemic and global political and economic turmoil are intertwined, worldwide cooperation under the leadership of an international organization has become increasingly import...

    Authors: Chao Guo, Xiyuan Hu, Dianqi Yuan, Yuyu Zeng and Peisen Yang
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:77
  14. SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus first reported by China on December 31st, 2019, has led to a global health crisis that continues to challenge governments and public health organizations. Understanding COVID-19 k...

    Authors: Yutang Xiong, Xingran Weng, Bethany Snyder, Lin Ma, Menglong Cong, Erin L. Miller, Lauren Jodi Van Scoy and Robert P. Lennon
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:76
  15. The current humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan started after the US and international allies’ withdrawal. This has put the country in a dire situation as the globalized infrastructure supporting Afghanistan ca...

    Authors: Mohammad Yasir Essar, Henry Ashworth and Arash Nemat
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:74
  16. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global impact. However, COVID-19 is just one of several high-impact infectious diseases that emerged from wildlife a...

    Authors: Katie Woolaston, Zoe Nay, Michelle L. Baker, Callum Brockett, Mieghan Bruce, Chris Degeling, Joshua Gilbert, Bethany Jackson, Hope Johnson, Alison Peel, Shafi Sahibzada, Charlotte Oskam and Chad L. Hewitt
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:73
  17. Introducing legislation that restricts companies from exposing children to marketing of unhealthy food and beverage products is both politically and technically difficult. To advance the literature on the tech...

    Authors: Fiona Sing, Belinda Reeve, Kathryn Backholer, Sally Mackay and Boyd Swinburn
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:72
  18. During outbreaks, uncertainties experienced by affected communities can influence their compliance to government guidance on public health. Communicators and authorities are, hence, encouraged to acknowledge a...

    Authors: Florin Cristea, Heide Weishaar, Brogan Geurts, Alexandre Delamou, Melisa Mei Jin Tan, Helena Legido-Quigley, Kafayat Aminu, Almudena Mari-Sáez, Carlos Rocha, Bienvenu Camara, Lansana Barry, Paul Thea, Johannes Boucsein, Thurid Bahr, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Francisco Pozo-Martin…
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:66
  19. Pooled procurement of health commodities has increasingly been promoted as a solution to reduce prices, increase availability, and achieve more efficient procurement processes. However, little is known about w...

    Authors: Koray Parmaksiz, Elizabeth Pisani, Roland Bal and Maarten Olivier Kok
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:59
  20. The Miller Brewing Company (MBC) was wholly owned by Phillip Morris (PM), between 1970 and 2002. Tobacco industry document studies identify alliances between the alcohol and tobacco industries to counter U.S. ...

    Authors: Jim McCambridge, Jack Garry, Kypros Kypri and Gerard Hastings
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:52
  21. Weak governance over public sector pharmaceutical policy and practice limits access to essential medicines, inflates pharmaceutical prices, and wastes scarce health system resources. Pharmaceutical systems are...

    Authors: Quinn Grundy, Lisa Parker, Anna Wong, Terence Fusire, Deirdre Dimancesco, Klara Tisocki, Helena Walkowiak, Taryn Vian and Jillian Kohler
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:33
  22. Most sub-Saharan Africa countries adopt global health policies. However, mechanisms with which policy transfers occur have largely been studied amongst developed countries and much less in low- and middle- inc...

    Authors: Walter Denis Odoch, Flavia Senkubuge, Ann Bosibori Masese and Charles Hongoro
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:25
  23. Healthcare workers are at a disproportionate risk of contracting COVID-19. The physical and mental repercussions of such risk have an impact on the wellbeing of healthcare workers around the world. Healthcare ...

    Authors: N O’Brien, K Flott, O Bray, A Shaw and M Durkin
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:24
  24. The absence of pharmaceutical interventions made it particularly difficult to mitigate the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current study investigated how economic freedom and equalit...

    Authors: Guanglv Huang, Xiaoli Yu, Qinyi Long, Liqin Huang and Siyang Luo
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:15
  25. During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, states were called upon by the World Health Organization to introduce and prioritise the collection of sex-disaggregated data. The collection of sex-disaggregated da...

    Authors: Huiyun Feng, Connie Cai Ru Gan, Diego Leiva, Bao Ling Zhang and Sara E. Davies
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:9
  26. National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic depend on national preparedness systems that must be understood as components of global public health emergency preparedness systems, governed and coordinated throug...

    Authors: Jakob Laage-Thomsen and Søren Lund Frandsen
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:3
  27. In recent years, “nudging” has become a standard behavioral intervention at the individual level and for the design of social policies. Although nudges are effective, such interventions seem to be limited to a...

    Authors: Jakub M. Krawiec, Olga M. Piaskowska, Piotr F. Piesiewicz and Wojciech Białaszek
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:132
  28. Shortage of skilled workforce is a global concern but represents a critical bottleneck to Africa’s development. While global academic partnerships have the potential to help tackle this development bottleneck,...

    Authors: Abebaw Fekadu, Esubalew Assefa, Abraham Tesfaye, Charlotte Hanlon, Belete Adefris, Tsegahun Manyazewal, Melanie J. Newport and Gail Davey
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:131
  29. A special session of the World Health Assembly (WHA) will be convened in late 2021 to consider developing a WHO convention, agreement or other international instrument on pandemic preparedness and response – a...

    Authors: Ronald Labonté, Mary Wiktorowicz, Corinne Packer, Arne Ruckert, Kumanan Wilson and Sam Halabi
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:128
  30. Populations around the world are facing an increasing burden of firearm violence on mortality and disability. While firearm violence affects every country globally, the burden is significantly higher in many l...

    Authors: Meghan Werbick, Imran Bari, Nino Paichadze and Adnan A. Hyder
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:120
  31. The pandemic generated by Covid-19 has changed the way of life of citizens around the world in a short time, affecting all areas of society directly or indirectly, which is facing a global health crisis with d...

    Authors: Pedro-José Martínez-Córdoba, Bernardino Benito and Isabel-María García-Sánchez
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:113
  32. In the nearly half century since it began lending for population projects, the World Bank has become one of the largest financiers of global health projects and programs, a powerful voice in shaping health age...

    Authors: Marlee Tichenor, Janelle Winters, Katerini T. Storeng, Jesse Bump, Jean-Paul Gaudillière, Martin Gorsky, Mark Hellowell, Patrick Kadama, Katherine Kenny, Yusra Ribhi Shawar, Francisco Songane, Alexis Walker, Ryan Whitacre, Sumegha Asthana, Genevie Fernandes, Felix Stein…
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:110
  33. There is an extensive body of research demonstrating that trade and globalisation can have wide-ranging implications for health. Robust governance is key to ensuring that health, social justice and sustainabil...

    Authors: May C. I. van Schalkwyk, Pepita Barlow, Gabriel Siles-Brügge, Holly Jarman, Tamara Hervey and Martin McKee
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:61
  34. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vast differences in approaches to the control and containment of coronavirus across the world and has demonstrated the varied success of such approaches in min...

    Authors: Steve J. Bickley, Ho Fai Chan, Ahmed Skali, David Stadelmann and Benno Torgler
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:57
  35. Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires health financing reforms (HFR) in many of the countries. HFR are inherently political. The sustainable development goals (SDG) declaration provides a global p...

    Authors: Walter Denis Odoch, Flavia Senkubuge and Charles Hongoro
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:50
  36. There is evidence that food industry actors try to shape science on nutrition and physical activity. But they are also involved in influencing the principles of scientific integrity. Our research objective was...

    Authors: Mélissa Mialon, Matthew Ho, Angela Carriedo, Gary Ruskin and Eric Crosbie
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:37
  37. Little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for adolescent mental health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, their association wit...

    Authors: Jingyi Wang, Hao Wang, Haijiang Lin, Marcus Richards, Shuyue Yang, Hongbiao Liang, Xiaoxiao Chen and Chaowei Fu
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:40
  38. The global health agenda is ill-defined as an analytical construct, complicating attempts by scholars and proponents to make claims about the agenda status of issues. We draw on Kingdon’s definition of the age...

    Authors: Stephanie L. Smith, Jeremy Shiffman, Yusra Ribhi Shawar and Zubin Cyrus Shroff
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:33
  39. The COVID-19 pandemic is a biosecurity threat, and many resource-rich countries are stockpiling and/or making plans to secure supplies of vaccine, therapeutics, and diagnostics for their citizens. We review th...

    Authors: Bisi Bright, Chinedum Peace Babalola, Nadia Adjoa Sam-Agudu, Augustine Anayochukwu Onyeaghala, Adebola Olatunji, Ufuoma Aduh, Patrick O. Sobande, Trevor A. Crowell, Yenew Kebede Tebeje, Sunny Phillip, Nicaise Ndembi and Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:24
  40. Efforts to adopt public health policies that would limit the consumption of unhealthy commodities, such as tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food products, are often undermined by private sector actors whos...

    Authors: Rima Nakkash, Melissa Mialon, Jihad Makhoul, Monika Arora, Rima Afifi, Abeer Al Halabi and Leslie London
    Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:16