Table 2 Summary of descriptive statistics for the full sample
Variables | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | ||||
 OOPHE per capita | 90.495 | 96.934 | 6.084 | 667.807 |
 OOPHE ( as percentage of THE) | 34.900 | 12.450 | 3.458 | 58.104 |
Independent variables | ||||
 GDP per capita (GDPc) | 5316.538 | 5767.766 | 715.454 | 22869.760 |
 POP above 65 years old (young) | 3.378 | 1.398 | 1.871 | 11.999 |
 POP below 15 years old (old) | 41.267 | 6.488 | 17.260 | 50.264 |
 Urbanization (urb) | 42.218 | 16.900 | 8.246 | 89.741 |
 Sanitation (san) | 34.824 | 22.812 | 4.192 | 96.377 |
 External health exp. per capita (ext) | 26.091 | 34.053 | 0.124 | 223.979 |
 Life expectancy at birth (le) | 58.852 | 7.709 | 39.441 | 76.880 |
 DPT immunization (dpt) | 76.545 | 18.636 | 19.000 | 99.000 |
 Antiretroviral therapy (ant) | 22.185 | 23.035 | 0.000 | 97.000 |
 Governance quality (gov) | 4.493 | 2.199 | 0.000 | 10.235 |
 Government health exp. (ghe) | 1.603 | 1.102 | 0.062 | 5.275 |
 Information and communication technologies (ict) | 1.341 | 1.343 | 0.000 | 5.939 |
 Government compulsory health care financing schemes (ghfs) | 118.442 | 151.859 | 0.546 | 841.433 |
 Trade (trd) | 66.361 | 28.425 | 1.219 | 175.798 |