Table 1 Variable and covariates used in the analysis
Covariates | Units | Temporal coverage | Spatial coverage | Data source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regional organization’s characteristics | |||||
 Macro region | NA | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | Including Europe, America, Asia and Africa |
 Regional court | Yes = 1 | 1945–205 | Regional organizations | ROCO | Representing the level of authorization of regional organizations |
 Age of regional organization | Years | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | NA |
 Founding year | Yes = 1 | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | NA |
 Number of member states | NA | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | NA |
 Decision-making rule | Yes = 1 | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | Representing the autonomy level of regional organizations |
 Policy scope | NA | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | NA |
 Policy fields | 1 to 11 | 1945–2015 | Regional organization | ROCO | NA |
Socioeconomic and demographic factors | |||||
 Scoio-demographic Index | Index | 1950–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Mean and CV |
 GDP per capita | 2020 USD | 1950–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Population-weighted mean and CV |
 KOF globalization index | index | 1970–2022 | National to regional | KOF Swiss Economic Institute | Mean and CV |
 Trade | Million USD | 1948–2021 | National to regional | WTO | Sum and CV |
 Population | NA | 1950–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Mean and CV |
 Age stracture | Percentage of population age 15–64 (%) | 1960–2020 | National to regional | World Bank | Population-weighted mean and CV |
 Continuous | Number | 1950–2018 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Sum and CV |
Health status | |||||
 Life expectancy at birth | Years | 1950–2020 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Population-weighted mean and CV |
 Under-five mortality rate | deaths per 1000 live births | 1950–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Population-weighted mean and CV |
 Age-standardized mortality of all causes | Deaths per 100,000 people | 1990–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Population-weighted mean and CV |
Health-system capacity | |||||
 Healthcare access and quality index | Index | 1980–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Mean and CV |
 Hospital beds per capita | Hospital beds per 1000 people | 1980–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Population-weighted mean and CV |
 Health worker density | Number of employed health workers (of any specialty) per 10,000 population | 1980–2019 | National to regional | GBD 2019 | Population-weighted mean and CV |