Fig. 4
From: North Korea’s COVID-19 policy dilemma: epidemic prevention conflicting with trade
Night-time light response to the border closure. Note: The vertical dotted line at number 4 corresponds to January 2020, when border closures began. Each diamond mark represents a DID estimate. This study used the cluster standard error at the cell-level. Cell data for Pyongyang was not included in this regression analysis. The results of the DID estimates are in Table 3 in Appendix