Table 1 Demographic and health characteristics of nutrition survey participants (n = 534)
From: Food insecurity, COVID-19 and diets in Fiji – a cross-sectional survey of over 500 adults
Variables | Weighted estimates | Women (n = 272) | Men (n = 262) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex (%, 95% CI) | |||
Female | 50.36 (45.92 to 54.81) | ||
Male | 49.64 (45.19 to 54.08) | ||
Age, years (mean, 95% CI) | 41.68 (40.98 to 42.38) | 42.52 (41.51–43.53) | 40.83 (39.85–41.81) |
Age group (%, 95% CI)1 | |||
18 to 44 years | 63.60 (59.41 to 67.60) | 61.40 (55.37 to 67.09) | 65.84 (59.96 to 71.27) |
45 years and above | 36.40 (32.40 to 40.59) | 38.60 (32.91 to 44.63) | 34.16 (28.73 to 40.04) |
Ethnic background (%, 95% CI) | |||
iTaukei | 46.32 (41.91 to 50.79) | 48.60 (42.45 to 54.80) | 44.01 (37.79 to 50.43) |
Fijian of Indian descent or other2 | 53.68 (49.21 to 58.09) | 51.40 (45.20 to 57.55) | 55.99 (49.57 to 62.21) |
Area (%, 95% CI) | |||
Deuba | 59.96 (55.69 to 64.09) | 58.45 (52.37 to 64.29) | 61.50 (55.47 to 67.18) |
Waidamudamu | 40.04 (35.91 to 44.31) | 41.55 (35.71 to 47.63) | 38.50 (32.82 to 44.53) |
Education (%, 95% CI) | |||
Secondary education or below | 69.39 (65.41 to 73.09) | 71.68 (66.13–76.64) | 67.06 (61.23–72.42) |
Tertiary education (University) | 29.43 (25.76 to 33.38) | 27.28 (22.38–32.80) | 31.60 (26.32–37.40) |
Postgraduate or higher | 1.19 (0.53 to 2.64) | 1.04 (0.35–3.05) | 1.34 (0.42–4.20) |
Household type (%, 95% CI) | |||
Live alone | 4.17 (2.88 to 6.00) | 3.85 (2.19–6.69) | 4.50 (2.76–7.25) |
Shared household | 95.83 (94.00 to 97.12) | 96.15 (93.31–97.81) | 95.50 (92.75–97.24) |
Self-assessed health (%, 95% CI) | |||
Excellent | 21.05 (17.79 to 24.72) | 19.65 (15.36–24.78) | 22.47 (17.79–27.96) |
Very good | 33.08 (29.30 to 37.10) | 32.30 (27.18–37.88) | 33.88 (28.44–39.77) |
Good | 35.69 (31.81 to 39.76) | 33.40 (28.23–39.00) | 38.01 (32.35–44.02) |
Fair | 8.57 (6.56 to 11.13) | 12.06 (8.87–16.19) | 5.03 (2.92–8.53) |
Poor | 1.61 (0.88 to 2.92) | 2.59 (1.31–5.05) | 0.61 (0.17–2.25) |
Current smoker (%, 95% CI) | 28.72 (25.36 to 32.32) | 14.77 (11.21–19.21) | 42.87 (37.25–48.68) |
Ever smoked regularly (%, 95% CI) | 26.24 (22.94 to 29.83) | 12.52 (9.15–16.89) | 40.16 (34.57–46.02) |
Time since last alcoholic drink (%, 95% CI) | |||
1 week or less | 14.94 (12.18 to 18.20) | 6.23 (3.85–9.93) | 23.78 (18.93–29.43) |
More than 1 week to less than 12 months | 22.12 (18.83 to 25.81) | 17.39 (13.42–22.23) | 26.92 (21.84–32.69) |
12 months or more | 23.92 (20.49 to 27.72) | 20.93 (16.59–26.05) | 26.95 (21.83–32.77) |
Never | 39.02 (35.48 to 42.68) | 55.45 (50.04–60.74) | 22.35 (17.90–27.53) |
History of disease (%, 95% CI) | |||
High blood pressure | 27.96 (24.48 to 31.73) | 28.31 (23.68–33.44) | 27.61 (22.56–33.30) |
Low blood pressure | 9.85 (7.72 to 12.48) | 15.80 (12.07–20.42) | 3.82 (2.13–6.76) |
High cholesterol or fat in blood | 8.63 (6.59 to 11.21) | 8.96 (6.12–12.93) | 8.29 (5.66–11.99) |
Heart attack | 1.57 (0.86 to 2.85) | 1.58 (0.66–3.72) | 1.56 (0.68–3.53) |
Stroke | 0.98 (0.45 to 2.12) | 0.72 (0.17–2.91) | 1.24 (0.49–3.09) |
Angina | 12.62 (10.07 to 15.71) | 12.78 (9.48–17.00) | 12.46 (8.83–17.31) |
Diabetes | 9.72 (7.71 to 12.17) | 10.33 (7.51–14.04) | 9.10 (6.49–12.61) |
Anthropometric measurements | |||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean, 95% CI) | 136.37 (134.89 to 137.84) | 136.20 (133.90 -138.50) | 136.53 (134.69–138.36) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean, 95% CI) | 84.74 (83.73 to 85.75) | 84.30 (82.82–85.78) | 85.19 (83.82–86.56) |
Hypertension3 (%, 95% CI) | 49.21 (44.77 to 53.66) | To add | To add |
Height, cm (mean, 95% CI) | 165.78 (165.08 to 166.48) | 159.50 (158.45 -160.54) | 172.15 (171.21–173.09) |
Weight, kg (mean, 95% CI) | 79.39 (77.81 to 80.96) | 77.57 (75.28–79.86) | 81.23 (79.07–83.39) |
Waist circumference, cm (mean, 95% CI) | 96.47 (94.99 to 97.95) | 97.49 (95.38–99.60) | 95.44 (93.35–97.52) |
BMI4, kg/m2 (mean, 95% CI) | 28.76 (28.21 to 29.32) | 30.30 (29.43–31.16) | 27.22 (26.53–27.91) |
BMI classification5 (%, 95% CI) | |||
Underweight | 5.36 (3.81 to 7.49) | 4.48 (2.60–7.59) | 6.25 (4.01–9.60) |
Normal | 25.47 (22.02 to 29.25) | 19.49 (15.37–24.39) | 31.48 (26.12–37.40) |
Overweight | 27.80 (24.25 to 31.65) | 25.84 (21.05–31.29) | 29.76 (24.70–35.37) |
Obese | 41.38 (37.49 to 45.38) | 50.19 (44.59–55.79) | 32.51 (27.22–38.29) |