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Table 2 Burden of disease 2019 and 1990a for the disorders included in the study

From: Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Disorder

Year

Globalization level

P valueb

Low

Mid-Low

Mid-High

High

Opioid Use Disorders

2019

77 (53)

103 (74)

210 (326)

227 (173)

0.01

1990

68 (35)

93 (94)

97 (84)

122 (82)

0.15

Low Back Pain

2019

778 (82)

858 (138)

1067 (137)

1037 (124)

< 0.001

1990

799 (66)

876 (162)

1113 (177)

1090 (158)

< 0.001

Alcohol Use Disorders

2019

312 (195)

307 (270)

350 (185)

320 (128)

0.91

1990

358 (310)

363 (335)

386 (219)

326 (134)

0.91

Anxiety Disorders

2019

383 (129)

382 (77)

400 (126)

502 (135)

0.002

1990

369 (110)

372 (77)

396 (118)

495 (126)

< 0.001

Bipolar Disorder

2019

161 (52)

145 (47)

156 (62)

178 (31)

0.15

1990

161 (52)

144 (46)

154 (60)

178 (31)

0.13

Cannabis Use Disorders

2019

10 (5.3)

7.1 (2.4)

13 (6.6)

15 (7.4)

< 0.001

1990

9.7 (5.2)

7.0 (2.3)

14 (8.4)

17 (7.3)

< 0.001

Depressive Disorders

2019

584 (149)

555 (128)

556 (148)

633 (133)

0.22

1990

606 (146)

574 (138)

587 (165)

697 (132)

0.03

Eating Disorders

2019

42 (16)

45 (20)

67 (46)

93 (25)

< 0.001

1990

37 (17)

37 (16)

54 (35)

78 (22)

< 0.001

Schizophrenia

2019

178 (10)

180 (12)

199 (26)

182 (20)

< 0.001

1990

176 (8.9)

177 (11)

197 (28)

181 (22)

0.001

  1. aMean (SD) age-standardized Disability Adjusted Life Years rates (per 100,000 inhabitants). bOne-way between-group ANOVA