Table 3 Estimation of direct effect of universal health coverage index and global health security index on COVID-19 Infection rate in Africa
Variables | Path coefficient | Std. Err. | z -statistics | p-value | [95% Conf. Interval] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 case-fatality rate | |||||
 lnInfection rate | -0.370 | 0.147 | -2.52 | 0.012 | -0.66, -0.08 |
 Median age of the national population | -0.124 | 0.058 | -2.16 | 0.031 | -0.24,-0.01 |
 Percentage who currently use tobacco | 0.065 | 0.037 | 1.73 | 0.085 | -0.01, 0.14 |
 Disease specific mortality of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). | -0.009 | 0.057 | -0.17 | 0.868 | -0.12, 0.10 |
 Overall GHS index | 0.002 | 0.022 | 0.11 | 0.913 | -0.04, 0.05 |
 Prevalence of obesity among adults expressed as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 0.128 | 0.037 | 3.49 | 0.000 | 0.06,0.20 |
 UHC for service coverage index | 0.004 | 0.026 | 0.17 | 0.868 | -0.05, 0.06 |
 Constant | 4.386 | 1.114 | 3.94 | 0.000 | 2.20, 6.57 |
COVID-19 lnInfection rate | |||||
 Median age of the national population | 0.118* | 0.052 | 2.26 | 0.024 | 0.02, 0.22 |
 Overall GHS index | -0.024 | 0.019 | -1.25 | 0.212 | -0.06,0.01 |
 Population density per square kilometer | -0.003 | 0.001 | -2.40 | 0.016 | -0.0058, -0.00059 |
 Prevalence of obesity among adults expressed as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | -0.057* | 0.040 | -1.41 | 0.158 | -0.14,0.02 |
 Air pollution attributable death rate (per 100,000 population) | 0.0005 | 0.005 | 0.09 | 0.932 | -0.01, 0.01 |
 UHC for service coverage index | 0.089 | 0.027 | 3.41 | 0.001 | 0.04,0.14 |
 Constant | 0.444 | 1.564 | 0.28 | 0.776 | -2.62,3.51 |