Skip to main content

Table 2 SES factors, physical activity and MetS criteria and severity according to CO2 emissions (quartiles)

From: Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

 

Q1 n = 1661

Q2 n = 1662

Q3 n = 1663

Q4 n = 1660

p-value

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

 

Age

65.2 (4.9) c

65.1 (4.9)

64.8 (4.9)

64.8 (4.9) c

0.020

BMI

32.4 (3.5) c

32.5 (3.4)

32.5 (3.5)

32.7 (3.5) c

0.039

Total PA (METs)

3328 (2789.6)

3019.7 (2995)

2349 (2552.4)

2785.9 (2699.3)

0.641

 Light PA (METs)

788.2 (1064)

732.6 (918.8)

596.4 (740.9)

762.9 (980.7)

0.436

 Moderate PA (METs)

1484.8 (2167.3)

1641.1 (2970.1)

1105.3 (2099.2)

1132.1 (1586.9)

0.294

 Intense PA (METs)

1054.9 (1697.5)

645.9 (947.4)

647.2 (1275.5)

890.9 (1648.3)

0.231

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Sex

 Men

788 (47.4)

824 (49.6)

884 (53.2)

932 (56.1)

< 0.001

 Women

873 (52.6)

838 (50.4)

779 (46.8)

728 (43.9)

 

MS Inclusion Criteria

 TG ≥ 150 mg/dL

939 (56.5)

891 (53.6)

940 (56.5)

927 (55.8)

0.276

 Glycaemia ≥ 100 mg/dL

1210 (72.8)

1258 (75.7)

1270 (76.4)

1274 (76.7)

0.039

 Hypertension ≥ 130/85mmHg

1516 (91.3)

1534 (92.3)

1535 (92.3)

1524 (91.8)

0.655

 HDL cholesterol [< 40 mg/dL (M) /<50 mg/dL (W)]

707 (42.6)

689 (41.5)

737 (44.3)

709 (42.7)

0.419

 Waist > 102 cm (M) > 88 cm (W)

1590 (95.7)

1600 (96.3)

1603 (96.4)

1591 (95.8)

0.712

MetS Severityg

 Low severity (≤ 3.31)

804 (48.4)

749 (45.1)

732 (44.0)

728 (43.9)

0.025

 High severity (> 3.31)

709 (42.7)

759 (45.7)

765 (46.0)

791 (47.7)

 
  1. §Kg of CO2 per product= (Kg of the product from FFQ*Kg CO2 of the product in EU data base) / 1 kg of product. Adjustments for 1 kg of product were done later to be able to compare diets at the same level. Measurements were separated into four groups; Four groups were considered according to CO2 emissions: Q1: ≤2.01 kg CO2/day; Q2: 2.02–2.34 kg CO2/day; Q3: 2.35–2.80 kg CO2/day; Q4: >2.80 kg CO2/day. Difference in means between groups were tested by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post-hoc for age, BMI and physical activity. Differences in prevalence’s across groups were examined using χ2. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences between groups (a, b, c, d, e, f) according to Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis
  2. Abbreviations: BMI Body Mass Index, MetS Metabolic Syndrome, TG Triglycerides, HDL High Density lipoprotein
  3. gMetS Severity is calculated with a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MetSSS) [39]