Table 1 The governance typology for public private engagement in the nutrition sector
I. Form of food industry and civil society engagement (Rules on exercising institutional power) | (a) Degree of participation in formal decision-making (Extent of institutional power granted to stakeholders) | Information provision |
Consultation | ||
Direct involvement | ||
Collaboration | ||
Empowerment | ||
(b) Stage(s) of policy cycle (When and where institutional power can be exercised) | Policy formulation | |
Implementation | ||
Monitoring | ||
Evaluation | ||
II. Type of food industry actors engaged (Pre-existing power structures and interests) | (a) Product portfolios for profit (Interests) | Profiting from sales of ultra-processed products |
Not profiting from sales of ultra-processed products | ||
(b) Size (Economic power) | Transnational companies | |
Trade associations | ||
Large local companies | ||
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) | ||
(c) Function (Other sources of power) | Producers | |
Manufacturers | ||
Distributors | ||
Retailers | ||
Hospitality | ||
Peak organisations | ||
Lobby and front organisations | ||
III. Substantive policy focus of engagement | Public education and information | |
Product reformulation | ||
Research | ||
Access to healthy foods | ||
Control of advertising and marketing | ||
Food product databases | ||