Table 1 NBL to the number of new cases and deaths. Goodness of fit tests (chi_square, ks, and md statistics) and conformity estimates (mantissa, mad, and df). For the chi-square, ks and md, p-values below .05 indicate the that the data does not conform to Benford’s Law. Regarding conformity estimates, NBL theoretical distribution expects that the mantissa should be .5 with variance 1/12 and skewness close to zero. Mad values above .015 indicate nonconformity to NBL for the first digit test. The df model suggests whether data are likely to be over or underestimated

Cases

Argentina

795

41.81

< 0.001

7.46

< 0.001

2.03

< 0.001

0.48

0.02

Nonconformity

−0.32

Brazil

913

40.88

< 0.001

2.94

< 0.001

2.68

< 0.001

0.53

0.02

Nonconformity

3.81

Bolivia

840

27.43

< 0.001

4.14

< 0.001

1.38

< 0.001

0.48

0.02

Nonconformity

−2.15

Chile

959

9.59

0.29

1.1

0.06

0.89

0.08

0.51

0.01

Acceptable conformity

0.56

Colombia

808

51.96

< 0.001

5.36

< 0.001

1.7

< 0.001

0.48

0.02

Nonconformity

−2.43

Costa Rica

588

29.27

< 0.001

12.27

< 0.001

2.38

< 0.001

0.45

0.02

Nonconformity

−13.21

Cuba

956

111.96

< 0.001

4.16

< 0.001

1.99

< 0.001

0.56

0.03

Nonconformity

16.32

Dominican Republic

816

30.17

< 0.001

5.56

< 0.001

2.35

< 0.001

0.54

0.02

Nonconformity

9.32

Ecuador

757

54.16

< 0.001

7.63

< 0.001

2.11

< 0.001

0.51

0.02

Nonconformity

7.79

El Salvador

484

64

< 0.001

15.29

< 0.001

3.14

< 0.001

0.43

0.04

Nonconformity

−14.93

Guatemala

946

64.1

< 0.001

4.1

< 0.001

1.38

< 0.001

0.54

0.02

Nonconformity

11.27

Haiti

767

13.68

0.09

6.11

< 0.001

0.98

0.04

0.45

0.01

Marginally acceptable conformity

−16.97

Honduras

622

64.27

< 0.001

11.04

< 0.001

4.01

< 0.001

0.56

0.03

Nonconformity

16.24

Mexico

839

63.32

< 0.001

6.09

< 0.001

2.97

< 0.001

0.53

0.03

Nonconformity

5.71

Nicaragua

139

32.1

< 0.001

26.44

< 0.001

8.47

< 0.001

0.51

0.04

Nonconformity

3

Panama

820

16.52

0.04

4.96

< 0.001

2.16

< 0.001

0.52

0.01

Marginally acceptable conformity

5.51

Paraguay

718

26.88

< 0.001

8.06

< 0.001

3.04

< 0.001

0.52

0.02

Nonconformity

5.24

Peru

847

24.52

< 0.001

4.62

< 0.001

1.89

< 0.001

0.53

0.01

Marginally acceptable conformity

8.16

Uruguay

785

21.66

0.01

5.74

< 0.001

1.4

< 0.001

0.46

0.02

Nonconformity

−11.12

Venezuela

840

38.03

< 0.001

4.7

< 0.001

2.24

< 0.001

0.51

0.02

Nonconformity

4.59

Latin America

978

78.95

< 0.001

4.33

< 0.001

2.18

< 0.001

0.54

0.02

Nonconformity

12.75