Table 1 Characteristics of samples

Total sample (N)

44,775

34,865

9,910

Age, years (mean, SD)

41.72 (15.99)

42.22 (16.07)

39.98 (15.57)

 < 0.001

Sex (N, %)

0.569

 Male

21,904 (48.92)

17,081 (48.99)

4823 (48.67)

 Female

22,871 (51.08)

17,784 (51.01)

5087 (51.33)

Marital status (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Married or living together as married

28,805 (64.33)

22,098 (63.38)

6,707 (67.68)

 Otherwise

15,970 (35.67)

12,767 (36.62)

3,203 (32.32)

Residence (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Urban

29,115 (65.03)

24,367 (69.89)

4,748 (47.91)

 Rural

15,660 (34.97)

10,498 (30.11)

5,162 (52.09)

International Immigrant (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Yes

2,005 (4.48)

1,758 (5.04)

247 (2.49)

 No

42,770 (95.52)

33,107 (94.96)

9,663 (97.51)

Highest educational level (N, %)

0.006

 Lower

14,771 (32.99)

11,392 (32.67)

3,379 (34.10)

 Middle

15,410 (34.42)

12,120 (34.76)

3,290 (33.20)

 Higher

14,594 (32.59)

11,353 (32.56)

3,241 (32.70)

Employment status (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Have paid employment

26,692 (59.61)

20,943 (60.07)

5,749 (58.01)

 Otherwise

18,083 (40.39)

13,922 (39.93)

4,161 (41.99)

Income level (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Low

11,741 (26.22)

8,962 (25.70)

2,779 (28.04)

 Medium

28,707 (64.11)

22,580 (64.76)

6,127 (61.83)

 High

4,327 (9.66)

3,323 (9.53)

1,004 (10.13)

Religious value (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Religious person

31,461 (70.26)

24,437 (70.09)

7,024 (70.88)

 Not religious person

11,072 (24.73)

8,527 (24.46)

2,545 (25.68)

 Atheist

2,242 (5.01)

1,901 (5.45)

341 (3.44)

Attitude to science (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Negative

12,403 (27.70)

9,978 (28.62)

2,425 (24.47)

 Positive

32,372 (72.30)

24,887 (71.38)

7,485 (75.53)

Interested in politics (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Yes

20,605 (46.02)

15,656 (44.9)

4,949 (49.94)

 No

24,170 (53.98)

19,209 (55.1)

4,961 (50.06)

Daily social media user (N, %)

 < 0.001

 Yes

19,794 (44.21)

15,624 (44.81)

4,170 (42.08)

 No

24,981 (55.79)

19,241 (55.19)

5,740 (57.92)