Table 1 Prevalence of poor self-perceived health by various factors according to welfare state, country, and sex

Argentina

Brazil

Chile

Costa Rica

Mexico

Panama

Colombia

Ecuador

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Perú

2018

2013

(2015-16)

2018

2012

2018

2017

2012

2018

2018

2018

2018

2015

Women

Informality

Formal

14.9 (13.4-16.5)

16.0 (15.1-17.0)

20.6 (16.2-25.5)

26.0 (19-34.2)

19.7 (14.7-25.6)

22.8 (18-28.2)

10.7 (9.2-12.4)

31.1 (29.0-33.2)

17.8 (11-26.5)

15.0 (7.4-26.2)

35.2 (24-47.7)

32.2 (24.5-40.9)

34.1 (28.7-39.8)

Informal

24.1 (21.1-27.4)

30.5 (29.6-31.4)

37.9 (30.7-45.6)

30.0 (22.5-38.4)

30.8 (23.3-39.1)

38.3 (28.4-49.1)

23.8 (22-25.6)

42.8 (41.3-44.3)

33.6 (29.1-38.3)

19.9 (15.9-24.6)

44.3 (39.1-49.5)

46.9 (41.4-52.5)

47.3 (44.1-50.5)

Age, years

< 25

11.9 (8.2-16.5)

14.5 (13.2-16.0)

4.5 (1.0-13.1)

11.8 (3.9-26.5)

10.7 (4.6-20.8)

14.0 (5.1-29.3)

10.4 (7.8-13.4)

27.1 (24.6-29.8)

11.6 (5.3-21.6)

15.3 (9.6-22.9)

35.4 (24.2-48.1)

27.5 (17.7-39.4)

29.3 (24.3-34.6)

25-44

14.4 (12.7-16.3)

21.1 (20.3-22.0)

22.7 (18.4-27.5)

21.1 (14.4-29.3)

20.6 (15.5-26.5)

27.8 (21.2-35.1)

13.7 (12.1-15.3)

37.0 (35.4-38.6)

26.2 (20.9-32.1)

15.3 (10.8-20.7)

38.6 (33-44.3)

41.7 (35.6-48.1)

39.0 (35-43)

45-64

23.0 (20.4-25.7)

36.7 (35.3-38.2)

37.9 (32.5-43.6)

41.1 (31.6-51.1)

38.0 (27.4-49.6)

38.8 (28.4-50.1)

27.6 (25-30.3)

48.3 (45.9-50.7)

35.8 (28.4-43.8)

33.4 (24.3-43.6)

56.3 (48.5-63.8)

59.1 (50.4-67.3)

55.1 (49-61)

>65

28.7 (22.2-36)

45.3 (39.9-50.8)

39.1 (23.4-56.7)

45.6 (25.2-67.2)

85.7 (49.9-98.4)

71.8 (40.3-92.1)

42 (33.9-50.4)

61.4 (53.9-68.5)

51.8 (38.7-64.8)

35.8 (18.7-56.2)

78.3 (58.6-91.3)

70.9 (51.9-85.5)

87.8 (79.4-93.6)

Education level

Low

29.0 (25.7-32.4)

41.1 (39.7-42.6)

36.4 (29.3-44.1)

34.6 (24.5-45.8)

44.3 (34.3-54.7)

55.2 (35.7-73.6)

34.1 (30.7-37.6)

48.0 (46.1-49.9)

39.3 (32.3-46.6)

22.5 (16.8-29.1)

55.4 (48.3-62.4)

51.5 (44.8-58.2)

64.5 (59.2-69.6)

Intermediate

16.4 (14.3-18.7)

21.9 (20.9-23.0)

26.8 (22.1-31.8)

25.5 (18.5-33.6)

19.6 (14.3-25.8)

24.9 (18.6-32.2)

18.5 (16.5-20.6)

39.3 (37.4-41.3)

24.8 (20.1-30.1)

17.2 (11.8-23.8)

31.0 (24.6-37.9)

37.1 (29.4-45.3)

39.7 (35.8-43.8)

High

8.7 (7.1-10.6)

12.9 (12.0-13.8)

19.3 (13.9-25.7)

20.5 (11.6-32.5)

9.9 (4.5-18.4)

25.3 (18.1-33.8)

10.3 (8.8-11.9)

26.1 (23.8-28.5)

24.3 (14.6-36.5)

12.4 (5.9-22.3)

19.8 (11.1-31.6)

31.7 (22.4-42.3)

32.8 (27.9-38)

Occupational category

Skilled non-manual

14.5 (13.4-15.6)

20.0 (14.5-26.5)

14.2 (7.2-24.6)

6.7 (1.9-16.7)

24.9 (17.2-34)

10.6 (8.7-12.8)

25.8 (22.9-28.9)

35.9 (18-57.4)

13.5 (5.6-26.4)

36.6 (24.1-50.6)

30.0 (18.6-43.7)

28.1 (22.2-34.7)

Non-skilled non-manual

23.0 (22.0-24.1)

29.0 (22.8-35.9)

28.4 (23-34.3)

16.3 (7.6-29.3)

23.6 (18.3-29.7)

20.1 (18.4-21.9)

39.8 (37.8-41.7)

26.9 (22.9-31.2)

16.1 (12-20.9)

42.9 (36-50)

36.7 (27.9-46.3)

41.5 (37.6-45.3)

Skilled manual

36.1 (33.8-38.4)

29.4 (16.0-46.3)

32.3 (20.1-46.6)

19.0 (11.8-28.4)

43.6 (25.3-63.3)

28.3 (24.1-32.7)

42.3 (39.9-44.7)

33.3 (25.9-41.5)

27.3 (18.5-37.7)

43.9 (35.8-52.3)

45.3 (38.4-52.3)

52.3 (43.1-61.5)

Non-skilled manual

36.4 (34.8-38.0)

31.4 (23.9-39.7)

27.6 (15.5-42.9)

33.1 (26.2-40.6)

35.8 (22.1-51.5)

19.1 (11.4-29.3)

43.7 (41.3-46.1)

41.3 (32.4-50.6)

13.4 (5.5-26.5)

44.6 (32.7-57)

46 (37-55.2)

57.8 (52-63.5)

Men

Informality

Formal

12.1 (10.7-13.6)

13.3 (12.5-14.2)

9.6 (6.8-13.1)

19.4 (13.7-26.2)

15.0 (11.7-18.8)

22.2 (17.3-27.9)

7.2 (6.2-8.5)

28.7 (27.1-30.2)

13.6 (6.9-23.3)

28.0 (18.8-38.9)

25.2 (17.4-34.4)

44.8 (35.2-54.7)

29.7 (25.6-34)

Informal

19.8 (17.3-22.4)

26.2 (25.5-26.9)

20.8 (14.6-28.2)

35.6 (26.3-45.9)

34.7 (29.2-40.6)

23.4 (17.7-29.8)

17.7 (16.4-19.1)

35.0 (33.8-36.1)

29.3 (22.6-36.6)

23.8 (19.6-28.3)

46.8 (42.1-51.6)

49.1 (43.8-54.4)

37.6 (34.4-40.8)

Age, years

< 25

8.1 (5.4-11.7)

11.6 (10.6-12.7)

6.4 (1.9-15.9)

16.4 (6.1-33.5)

18.5 (12.3-26.2)

11.9 (5.3-22.3)

5.6 (4-7.6)

22.4 (20.7-24.2)

11.7 (3.7-26.9)

18.5 (11.4-27.8)

19.0 (10.6-30.3)

35.5 (23.3-49.2)

20.6 (16.2-25.5)

25-44

10.5 (9-12.2)

17.5 (16.8-18.2)

9.7 (6.7-13.5)

16.6 (10.6-24.4)

17.0 (13.4-21.1)

16.3 (11.6-21.9)

9.3 (8.2-10.6)

31.3 (30.0-32.5)

21.2 (14.2-29.7)

17.5 (12.9-23)

38.8 (33.2-44.7)

45.1 (38.9-51.4)

29.7 (26.1-33.5)

45-64

22.8 (20.3-25.5)

33.0 (31.9-34.2)

19.8 (15.7-24.5)

35.9 (26.5-46.2)

36.2 (28.9-44)

32.0 (24.2-40.7)

18.9 (17.1-20.8)

42.5 (40.6-44.4)

26.2 (16.9-37.6)

32.6 (25.2-40.7)

61.4 (54.8-67.7)

60.4 (52.3-68.1)

46.4 (41.1-51.6)

>65

20.4 (15.2-26.4)

43.4 (39.8-47.1)

35.6 (23.4-49.5)

35.5 (16.6-58.8)

46.4 (29.1-64.5)

57.6 (40-73.8)

35.2 (30.4-40.3)

53.4 (48.6-58.1)

46.0 (28.2-64.6)

49.8 (34-65.7)

75.2 (64.8-83.8)

76 (57.9-88.9)

55.5 (46.7-64.1)

Education level

Low

22.1 (19.8-24.5)

32.2 (31.6-32.9)

22.5 (16.6-29.5)

32.1 (24-41.1)

39.2 (31.7-47.1)

38.7 (29.1-48.9)

25.0 (22.8-27.2)

42.9 (41.5-44.3)

32.5 (23.1-43.2)

31.2 (25.6-37.3)

53.7 (48.5-58.8)

58.7 (51.6-65.6)

51.0 (45.3-56.8)

Intermediate

10.8 (9-12.7)

16.3 (15.5-17.0)

15.7 (12.2-19.8)

18.6 (12.1-26.9)

20.7 (16.8-25)

16.1 (11.9-21.2)

10.7 (9.4-12)

29.5 (28.2-30.9)

23.1 (16.2-31.3)

16.0 (11-22.3)

24.2 (17.3-32.4)

44.0 (36.1-52.1)

33.6 (30.1-37.2)

High

7.0 (5.2-9.2)

31.8 (30.8-32.8)

6.0 (3.2-10.2)

9.6 (3.5-20.6)

10.9 (6.5-17)

16.6 (9.9-25.4)

5.8 (4.6-7.1)

20.3 (18.2-22.5)

9.9 (3-23.5)

7.5 (2.2-18.6)

27.3 (16.2-41.1)

33.0 (24.9-42)

24.8 (20.7-29.4)

Occupational category

Skilled non-manual

12.7 (11.8-13.7)

8.1 (4.6-13.2)

13.9 (6.4-25.6)

18.2 (11.2-27.2)

16.9 (8.6-28.9)

6.3 (4.7-8.2)

20.5 (17.9-23.3)

11.7 (3.1-29.4)

6.7 (2-16.6)

24.1 (14.2-36.7)

38.4 (27.4-50.4)

24.7 (19.8-30.1)

Non-skilled non-manual

20.3 (19.1-21.5)

7.6 (3.1-15.5)

17.4 (12.1-23.9)

16.2 (8.9-26.2)

25.4 (17.4-34.9)

11.3 (9.6-13.2)

29.6 (27.5-31.7)

32.4 (24.1-41.7)

13.1 (8.3-19.3)

34.0 (25.6-43.3)

45.0 (39.3-50.7)

29.6 (25.1-34.5)

Skilled manual

25.7 (24.8-26.6)

19.7 (14.9-25.3)

33.7 (25.6-42.6)

28.4 (22.3-35.3)

24.1 (18.9-30)

19.9 (17.9-22)

35.6 (34.3-36.9)

25.5 (18.5-33.6)

30.0 (24.5-35.9)

47.1 (41.6-52.6)

59.9 (49.6-69.5)

40.9 (36.8-45.1)

Non-skilled manual

30.3 (28.8-31.9)

23.1 (16.2-31.4)

18.9 (10.1-31.2)

22.5 (18.2-27.4)

20.1 (11.7-31.2)

13.5 (11.7-15.4)

38.3 (36.5-40.1)

32.7 (16.6-52.8)

23.4 (11.7-39.3)

45.6 (34.5-57.1)

39.7 (28.3-52.1)

42.8 (35.6-50.2)