Table 2 Correlates of (dis)continuity of routine MCVs across the antenatal through to postnatal period in Nepal, NDHS 2016 (N=1,978)
Social determinants | Had no or less than 4ANC visits (ARR; 95% CI) | Had 4ANC visits but no ID (ARR; 95% CI) | Had 4ANC visits and ID but no PNC visit (ARR;95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
Structural | Â | Â | Â |
Wealth status | Â | Â | Â |
Upper (60%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Lower (40%) | 2.39 (1.63, 3.51) *** | 2.82 (1.88, 4.22) *** | 0.93 (0.59, 1.48) |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â |
Advantaged | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Disadvantaged | 1.47 (0.79, 2.71) | 1.54 (1.05, 2.26) * | 1.28 (0.82, 1.98) |
Maternal occupation | Â | Â | Â |
Agriculture | 0.79 (0.56, 1.11) | 1.51 (1.04, 2.19) * | 0.87 (0.59, 1.29) |
Housewife | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Working paid | 0.64 (0.35, 1.15) | 1.22 (0.70, 2.13) | 1.08 (0.62, 1.90) |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â |
Higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Illiterate | 2.65 (1.72, 4.08) *** | 1.39 (0.93, 2.08) | 1.21 (0.72, 2.02) |
Primary | 2.41 (1.62, 3.57) *** | 1.92 (1.26, 2.93) ** | 1.20 (0.74, 1.93) |
Intermediary | |||
Language | Â | Â | Â |
Nepali | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Maithili | 1.31 (0.57, 3.00) | 1.36 (0.6, 3.11) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.77) |
Bhojpuri | 3.28 (1.26, 8.58) * | 0.97 (0.35, 2.68) | 1.06 (0.44, 2.57) |
Others | 1.52 (0.81, 2.84) | 0.89 (0.55, 1.42) | 0.66 (0.41, 1.05) |
Province | Â | Â | Â |
One | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Two | 1.73 (0.93, 3.21) | 1.34 (0.67, 2.71) | 2.19 (0.89, 5.42) |
Bagmati | 1.31 (0.68, 2.54) | 0.75 (0.41, 1.35) | 1.14 (0.57, 2.27) |
Gandaki | 1.45 (0.79, 2.68) | 0.47 (0.23, 0.94) * | 0.95 (0.46, 1.97) |
Lumbini | 1.10 (0.61, 1.96) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.76) | 1.93 (0.98, 3.82) |
Karnali | 4.08 (2.30, 7.21) *** | 1.32 (0.65, 2.68) | 2.24 (1.07, 4.71) * |
Sudurpaschim | 0.56 (0.29, 1.07) | 0.51 (0.25, 1.02) | 3.57 (1.87, 6.81) *** |
Residence | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Rural | 1.35 (0.95, 1.93) | 1.91 (1.36, 2.69) *** | 0.97 (0.64, 1.48) |
Maternal age (in years) | Â | Â | Â |
15-19 | 0.79 (0.52, 1.20) | 0.63 (0.39, 0.99) * | 1.24 (0.78, 1.95) |
20-34 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
35 or above | 0.55 (0.29, 1.04) | 0.79 (0.35, 1.78) | 1.66 (0.67, 4.11) |
Birth order | Â | Â | Â |
<4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥4 | 2.15 (1.41, 3.30) *** | 1.5 (0.98, 2.30) | 0.52 (0.26, 1.06) |
Media exposure | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | 1.81 (1.33, 2.46) *** | 1.56 (1.13, 2.14) ** | 1.01 (0.69, 1.50) |
Last birth (index child) | Â | Â | Â |
Wanted | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Unwanted | 2.11 (1.47, 3.02) *** | 1.15 (0.76, 1.72) | 1.10 (0.67, 1.82) |
Health system | |||
Perceived problem not having female providers | Â | Â | Â |
No problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Big problem | 1.25 (0.89, 1.76) | 1.46 (1.05, 2.04) * | 1.64 (1.12, 2.39) * |
Awareness on health mothers’ group |  |  |  |
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No | 1.53 (1.13, 2.07) ** | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.46) |