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Table 2 Relative risk ratios (RRR) for the effect of the interaction between mining activity (before vs. after mine opening) and proximity to the mine (≤10 km vs. 10-50 km) on access to water and sanitation infrastructures using the longitudinal household dataset

From: Impact of mining projects on water and sanitation infrastructures and associated child health outcomes: a multi-country analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in sub-Saharan Africa

 

RRR (95%CI) for interaction close proximity*active

 

Crudea (Nwater=38,088) (Nsanitation=38,190)

Adjustedb (Nwater=38,088) (Nsanitation=38,190)

Richa,c (Nwater=14,099) (Nsanitation=14,264)

Poora,c (Nwater=15,605) (Nsanitation=15,563)

Water: modern vs. basic (ref)

39.25 (28.02 - 54.97)**

18.60 (13.08 - 26.46)**

91.73 (38.09 - 220.87)**

7.46 (3.92 - 14.16)**

Water: intermediate vs. basic (ref)

8.43 (5.84 - 12.17)**

5.48 (3.79 - 7.92)**

13.83 (5.28 - 36.23)**

2.63 (1.55 - 4.47)**

Water: modern vs. intermediate (ref)

8.12 (6.29 - 10.47)**

3.39 (2.41 - 4.79)**

6.61 (3.88 - 11.24)**

2.84 (1.44 - 5.58)*

Sanitation: modern vs. basic (ref)

9.15 (4.91 - 17.04)**

2.56 (1.32 - 4.99)**

13.20 (3.43 - 50.89)**

0.71 (0.17 - 2.94)

Sanitation: interme-diate vs. basic (ref)

2.63 (1.91 - 3.62)**

1.69 (1.21 - 2.37)*

1.54 (0.76 - 3.14)

0.74 (0.44 - 1.26)

Sanitation: modern vs. intermediate (ref)

3.47 (1.95 - 6.20)**

1.52 (0.83 - 2.78)

8.28 (2.54 - 26.97)**

0.96 (0.23 - 3.92)

  1. The estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived using the generalized structural equation modelling suite in Stata
  2. amine-level random intercept only
  3. badjusted for household wealth quintile
  4. cstratified analyses using only data from the two lower wealth quintiles (poorer households) and the two upper wealth quintiles (wealthier households), respectively
  5. * p < 0.05; ** p<0.001