COVID-19-related stigma and its sociodemographic correlates: a comparative study

Table 2 Overall stigma by demographic characteristics in the whole sample (N = 348)

Demographics	SIS total		Statistics
Demographics	Mean	SD	t / F	df	p
Gender			2.37	346	0.018
Female	55.2	18.1
Male	60.2	17.7
Marital status			2.75	346	0.006
Married	58.6	17.6
Others	53.0	18.6
Education level			8.39	346	< 0.001
College and above	51.2	16.7
High school and below	66.8	16.1
Living with family			0.08	346	0.93
Yes	56.8	17.9
No	56.6	18.8
Occupation			4.93	346	< 0.001
Unemployed	68.7	14.7
Employed	54.9	17.9
Family members infected with COVID-19			17.77	277.83 ^a	< 0.001
Yes	74.0	11.0
No	48.7	14.8
Feel online mental service helpful			2.42	346	0.016
Yes	52.6	17.9
No	58.1	18.0
Economic loss			8.20	346	< 0.001
Yes	69.7	18.0
No	52.6	16.1
Frequent use of social media			2.97	346	0.003
Yes	54.4	18.7
No	60.2	16.6
Perceived economic status			1.24	2	0.27
Poor	67.8	18.4
Fair	52.1	15.8
Good	50.4	16.2
Perceived health status			14.70	2	< 0.001
Poor	71.2	17.3
Fair	59.8	18.0
Good	52.1	16.9

Abbreviations: COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, SD standard deviation, SIS social impact scale
a: Satterthwaite corrected because of the heterogeneity of variance

ISSN: 1744-8603