Table 2 Panel regression analysis estimates with fixed effects for the EM7
From: Real GDP growth rates and healthcare spending – comparison between the G7 and the EM7 countries
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VARIABLES | chegdp | chegdp | chepc | chepc | chepcppp | chepcppp | gghed | gghed | oopspcppp | oopspcppp | oopsche | oopsche |
Real GDP growth | −.0472*** | −.0402*** | −.162 | −.374 | −7.521*** | −6.794*** | .0295 | .192 | −3.343*** | −2.845* | .0440 | −.0334 |
(.0109) | (.0134) | (3.202) | (4.188) | (1.756) | (1.983) | (.164) | (.194) | (1.107) | (1.536) | (.169) | (.191) | |
GDP per capita | −3.95e-05** | −3.43e-05* | .0169*** | .0235*** | .0416*** | .0467*** | .00122*** | .00101*** | .00900*** | .00872*** | −.00103*** | −.00115*** |
(1.73e-05) | (1.93e-05) | (.00508) | (.00602) | (.00279) | (.00285) | (.000261) | (.000279) | (.00176) | (.00221) | (.000268) | (.000275) | |
Inflation | −.0341** | −.0208 | −8.901** | −11.76** | −.613 | −2.142 | −.167 | .0763 | 1.057 | 1.792 | .0803 | −.0299 |
(.0145) | (.0145) | (4.271) | (4.531) | (2.343) | (2.146) | (.219) | (.210) | (1.476) | (1.662) | (.225) | (.207) | |
Unemployment | .0826*** | .0962*** | −13.70 | −1.13 | 8.963* | 6.856 | 1.722*** | 2.366*** | −6.646** | −3.928 | −1.435*** | −1.620*** |
(.0287) | (.0351) | (8.441) | (1.93) | (4.629) | (5.177) | (.433) | (.507) | (2.917) | (4.009) | (.444) | (.500) | |
Life expectancy | .152*** | .111* | 51.86*** | 43.07** | 25.54*** | 12.08 | −.780 | −.492 | 1.83** | 16.42** | 1.378* | 2.143*** |
(.0514) | (.0562) | (15.15) | (17.51) | (8.309) | (8.294) | (.778) | (.813) | (5.236) | (6.423) | (.797) | (.801) | |
Population density | −.00877** | −.00886** | −3.924*** | −2.771** | −2.359*** | −1.415** | .144** | .0870 | −.662 | −.981* | −.204*** | −.216*** |
(.00420) | (.00440) | (1.236) | (1.371) | (.678) | (.649) | (.0635) | (.0636) | (.427) | (.503) | (.0651) | (.0627) | |
Governance effectiveness | .0923 | −245.1*** | −87.88** | 5.885 | −53.18 | −1.655 | ||||||
(.295) | (91.83) | (43.49) | (4.260) | (33.68) | (4.199) | |||||||
Physicians | .113 | 61.08 | 36.39** | 4.134** | −21.28 | −5.664*** | ||||||
(.123) | (38.41) | (18.19) | (1.782) | (14.09) | (1.756) | |||||||
Constant | −4.454 | −1.788 | − 2947*** | − 2631** | − 1415*** | −662.0 | 6.28 | 36.71 | −526.0 | −856.6** | −1.45 | −49.19 |
(3.182) | (3.511) | (937.4) | (1094) | (514.1) | (518.1) | (48.13) | (5.76) | (324.0) | (401.2) | (49.34) | (5.03) | |
Observations | 119 | 87 | 119 | 87 | 119 | 87 | 119 | 87 | 119 | 87 | 119 | 87 |
R-squared | .279 | .289 | .697 | .739 | .946 | .961 | .466 | .582 | .782 | .786 | .339 | .505 |
Number of countries | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |