|
Author [Reference]
|
Year
|
Region
|
Study population
|
Male%
|
Assessment
|
STROBE score
|
sampling method
|
Cut off
|
Outcomes (sample size)
|
|---|
|
Depression % (n)
|
Anxiety % (n)
|
Stress % (n)
|
|---|
|
A Moghanibashi-Mansourieh [21]
|
2020
|
Iran
|
10,754
|
34.2%
|
DASS-21
|
28
|
online survey
|
A > 7
|
N.A.
|
50.9% (5472)
|
N.A.
|
|
MZ Ahmed.et al. [22]
|
2020
|
China
|
1074
|
53.2%
|
BAI BDI-II
|
23
|
online survey
|
≥8 ≥ 14
|
37.1% (399)
|
29% (312)
|
N.A.
|
|
C Wang.et al. [23]
|
2020
|
China
|
1210
|
32.7%
|
DASS-21
|
22
|
online survey
|
A > 7 D > 9 S > 10
|
30.3% (367)
|
36.4% (440)
|
32.1% (389)
|
|
W Cao.et al. [24]
|
2020
|
China
|
7143
|
30.35%
|
GAD-7
|
20
|
cluster sampling
|
≥5
|
N.A.
|
24.9% (1776)
|
N.A.
|
|
Y Huang. et al. [25]
|
2020
|
China
|
7236
|
45.4%
|
GAD-7 CES-D
|
18
|
web-based survey
|
≥9 ≥ 28
|
20.1% (1454)
|
35.1% (2540)
|
N.A.
|
|
M Ueda. et al. [26]
|
2020
|
Japan
|
1000
|
49.6%
|
GAD-7 PHQ-9
|
25
|
online survey
|
≥10 ≥ 10
|
43.1% (431)
|
33.2% (332)
|
N.A.
|
|
D Liu.et al. [27]
|
2020
|
China
|
14,592
|
31.6%
|
GAD-7 PHQ-9
|
26
|
online survey
|
N.A.
|
53.5% (7503)
|
44.6% (6196)
|
N.A.
|
|
SJ Zhou .et al. [23]
|
2020
|
China
|
8079
|
46.5%
|
GAD-7 PHQ-9
|
26
|
online survey
|
> 4 > 4
|
43.7% (3533)
|
37.4% (3020)
|
N.A.
|
|
A Sigdel. et al. [28]
|
2020
|
Nepal
|
349
|
54.2%
|
GAD-7 PHQ-9
|
29
|
online survey
|
≥10 ≥ 10
|
34% (119)
|
31% (109)
|
N.A.
|
|
SSH Kazmi. et al. [29]
|
2020
|
India
|
1000
|
38%
|
DASS-21
|
19
|
online survey
|
A > 7 D > 9 S > 10
|
38.9% (389)
|
43% (430)
|
35.7% (357)
|
|
N Othman. et al. [30]
|
2020
|
Iraq
|
548
|
49.6%
|
DASS-21
|
19
|
online survey
|
A > 7 D > 9 S > 10
|
44.9% (246)
|
47.1% (258)
|
17.5% (96)
|
|
Y Wang. et al. [31]
|
2020
|
China
|
600
|
44.5%
|
SAS SDS
|
19
|
online survey
|
≥50 ≥ 50
|
17.17% (103)
|
6.33% (38)
|
N.A.
|
|
M Qian. et al. [32]
|
2020
|
China
|
1011
|
50.44%
|
GAD-7
|
28
|
elephone survey via random digital dialing
|
≥10
|
N.A.
|
26.6% (269)
|
N.A.
|
|
M Shevlin. et al. [33]
|
2020
|
UK
|
2025
|
48%
|
GAD-7 PHQ-9
|
22
|
online survey (quota sampling)
|
≥10 ≥ 10
|
22.12% (448)
|
21.63% (438)
|
N.A.
|
|
P Odriozola-González. et al. [34]
|
2020
|
Spain
|
3550
|
35.1%
|
DASS-21
|
24
|
social media
|
A > 6 D > 9 S > 10
|
44.1% (1566)
|
32.4% (1150)
|
37% (1314)
|
|
SF Agberotimi. et al. [35]
|
2020
|
Nigeria
|
502
|
53.6%
|
GAD-7 PHQ-9
|
29
|
Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) technique and Random Survey Sampling (RSS)
|
> 5 ≥ 10
|
23.5% (118)
|
49.6% (249)
|
N.A.
|
|
C Mazza. et al. [36]
|
2020
|
Italy
|
2766
|
28.3%
|
DASS-21
|
27
|
online survey
|
A > 6 D > 9 S > 10
|
32.8% (906)
|
18.7% (517)
|
27.2% (752)
|
- DASS-21 The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire, SAS Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SDS Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, BAI the Beck Anxiety Inventory, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
