Table 1 Summary statistics
From: Physicians’ brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows
Observations | Mean | SD | Min. | Max. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yearly Inflow | 73,508 | 5.394 | 49.089 | 0 | 3640 |
Destination Controls | |||||
Unemployment rate | 70,688 | 7.464 | 3.237 | 2.558 | 26.117 |
PISA Scorereading | 73,508 | 497.228 | 20.287 | 428 | 547 |
Dyadic Controls | |||||
Ratio GDPo/GDPd | 71,346 | 0.427 | 0.852 | 0.002 | 15.444 |
Stock of high-skilled migrants (2000) | 71,924 | 7707.40 | 33,212.59 | 1 | 508,333 |
Distance | 73,508 | 6812.444 | 4344.516 | 53.532 | 19,586.18 |
Colony | 73,508 | .041 | .198 | 0 | 1 |
Common language | 73,508 | .120 | .325 | 0 | 1 |
Contiguity | 73,508 | .019 | .136 | 0 | 1 |
Both in EU | 73,508 | .061 | .239 | 0 | 1 |
Both in Schengen | 73,508 | .056 | .23 | 0 | 1 |
Supply-side Controls | |||||
Density of physicians per 1000 population | 68,996 | 3.13 | .710 | 1.3 | 5.3 |
Medical graduates per 100,000 population | 72,756 | 10.437 | 3.938 | 3.84 | 24.44 |
Remuneration of physicians (US$ PPP) | 67,680 | 118,588.7 | 58,193.76 | 20,603.21 | 271,125.1 |
Medical technology | 53,580 | 17.703 | 9.743 | 4.89 | 43.87 |
Demand-side Controls | |||||
Public expenditures (US$ /capita) | 73,508 | 3257.057 | 1644.86 | 425.6 | 9832.317 |
Health insurance coverage | 70,124 | 98.528 | 3.909 | 69.8 | 100.2 |
Age dependency ratio | 73,508 | 23.403 | 4.835 | 9.623 | 35.660 |
Hospital beds per 1000 inhabitants | 70,688 | 4.849 | 1.866 | 2.05 | 9.12 |