Table 2 Spearman correlation coefficients (r) between MLEM patents and development indicators
From: In which developing countries are patents on essential medicines being filed?
| Â | Total MLEM patents | MLEM drugs patented | HDI | Life expectancy at birth | Average education | Expected education | GDI per capita | Total healthcare expenditure per capita | Total healthcare expenditure % of GDP | Population | Gini | Rule of lax index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total MLEM patents | 1 | .995*** | .232** | .103 | .268** | .163Â ns | .241** | .256** | .121 | .441*** | .102 | .326** |
MLEM drugs patented | 137 | 1 | .255** | .133 | .277** | .179* | .267** | .276** | .114 | .457*** | .129 | .327** |
HDI | 129 | 129 | 1 | .831*** | .839*** | .855*** | .917*** | .873*** | −.026 | −.142 | −.087 | .480*** |
Life expectancy at birth | 129 | 129 | 129 | 1 | .579*** | .655*** | .711*** | .716*** | .020 | −.130 | .011 | .325** |
Average education | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 1 | .694*** | .688*** | .730*** | .035 | −.217* | −.032 | .467*** |
Expected education | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 1 | .730*** | .708*** | .010 | −.144 | .010 | .454*** |
GDI per capita | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 1 | 0.875*** | −.094 | −.067 | −0.60 | .462*** |
Total healthcare expenditure per capita | 127 | 127 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 1 | .263** | −.225* | .121 | .447*** |
Total healthcare expenditure % of GDP | 128 | 128 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 127 | 1 | −.178* | .295* | .050 |
Population | 134 | 134 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 129 | 127 | 128 | 1 | −0.36 | −.320** |
Gini | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 1 | .018 |
Rule of lax index | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 67 | 67 | 69 | 43 | 1 |