Table 5 Patterns of high-income authorship of maternal health interventional research in LMICs 2000–2012
Variable and categories | USA N = 561 | UK N = 209 | France N = 71 | Canada N = 53 | Netherland N = 34 | Australia N = 34 | Sweden N = 33 | Switzerland N = 29 | Norway N = 25 | Belgium N = 23 | Germany N = 22 | Italy N = 18 | Denmark N = 11 | Multi-affilat.N = 150 | TOTAL HICb col % | TOTAL LMICb col % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of all publications in the study | 24.5 | 9.1 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 6.5 | 50.3 | 49.7 |
% of all HIC-led publications in study | 49.3 | 18.4 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 3 | 3 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1 | 12.6 | - | - |
Economic region of researcha (col % of research excluding systematic reviews and formative research) | ||||||||||||||||
UMIC | 21.6 | 23.3 | 20 | 14.8 | 15 | 18.2 | 12.1 | 62.5 | 28.6 | 4.8 | 10.5 | 0 | 0 | 26.7 | 20.3 | 47.2* |
LMIC | 35 | 34 | 60 | 44.4 | 15 | 50 | 37.5 | 43.8 | 0 | 14.3 | 26.3 | 7.7 | 40 | 26.0 | 35.0 | 28.4* |
LIC | 49.8 | 50.5 | 33.3 | 44.4 | 70 | 36.4 | 56.3 | 56.3 | 76.2 | 81 | 63.2 | 92.3 | 60 | 44.0 | 51.9 | 25.9* |
Geographic region of researcha (col % of research excluding systematic reviews and formative research) | ||||||||||||||||
East Asia Pacific | 8.1 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 6.7 | 15 | 62.5 | 6.1 | 11.3 | 0 | 8.7 | 5.3 | 0 | 10 | 18.7 | 11.8 | 11.6 |
Europe, Central Asia | 1.5 | 4.3 | 0 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 2.1 | 4.3* |
Latin America, Caribbean | 13.3 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 21.8* |
Middle East, N. Africa | 3.3 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 0 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
South Asia | 12.9 | 12.2 | 1.6 | 13.3 | 0 | 16.7 | 9.1 | 13.2 | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 11.1 | 15.6* |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 59.3 | 54.8 | 79.0 | 60 | 85 | 12.5 | 78.8 | 52.9 | 95.2 | 78.3 | 84.2 | 100 | 70 | 67.3 | 67.2 | 44.7* |
Time periods (col % of all research by HIC) | ||||||||||||||||
2000–2003 | 18.3 | 19.4 | 14.1 | 17 | 9.1 | 3 | 15.6 | 20.7 | 4 | 34.8 | 14.3 | 0 | 10 | 16.9 | 17.0 | 15.9 |
2004–2007 | 38.5 | 28.2 | 38 | 26.4 | 12.1 | 24.2 | 28.1 | 31 | 36 | 13 | 38.1 | 64.7 | 50 | 35.1 | 33.9 | 34.6 |
2008–2012 | 43.1 | 52.4 | 47.9 | 56.6 | 78.8 | 72.7 | 56.3 | 48.3 | 60 | 52.2 | 47.6 | 35.3 | 40 | 48 | 49.1 | 49.6 |
Research topics (col % of all research on each topic) | ||||||||||||||||
Haemorrhage | 10.3 | 7.7 | 0 | 11.3 | 5.9 | 2.9 | 9.1 | 27.6 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 18.2 | 1.3 | 8.9 | 8.5 |
Hypertension | 2.5 | 13.4 | 0 | 28.3 | 26.5 | 11.8 | 3 | 24.1 | 4 | 0 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 0 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 13.1* |
HIV | 42.4 | 14.8 | 81.7 | 20.8 | 23.5 | 5.9 | 18.2 | 31 | 44 | 43.5 | 36.4 | 88.9 | 27.3 | 54.7 | 36.5 | 33.2 |
STIs other than HIV | 4.3 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 24.1 | 16 | 21.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4.8 | 6.0 |
Malaria | 9.8 | 19.6 | 15.5 | 3.8 | 35.3 | 14.7 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 0 | 17.4 | 27.3 | 0 | 18.2 | 25.3 | 12.6 | 12.3 |
Health Systems | 40.8 | 46.4 | 8.5 | 32.1 | 20.6 | 52.9 | 57.6 | 31 | 40 | 56.5 | 22.7 | 11.1 | 36.4 | 26.0 | 39 | 32.6* |
EmOC | 12.1 | 10 | 2.8 | 17 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 18.2 | 10.3 | 16 | 8.7 | 0 | 0 | 27.3 | 4.7 | 10.9 | 7.1* |
Demand-side Financing | 1.8 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 0 | 8.8 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3.4 | 2.8 |
Equity Examined | 9.4 | 9.6 | 7 | 11.3 | 5.9 | 8.8 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 18.2 | 5.6 | 18.2 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 8.7 |
TBA | 7.3 | 4.3 | 0 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 11.8 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 4.4 |
Main topic addressed | HIV | Health System | HIV | Health System | Malaria | Health System | Health System | Health System | HIV | Health System | HIV | HIV | Health System | HIV | Health System | HIV |
Study design of research led by HIC (col %)* | ||||||||||||||||
Systematic Review | 7.8 | 33 | 7 | 37.7 | 32.4 | 29.4 | 0 | 20.7 | 8 | 0 | 4.5 | 16.7 | 9.1 | 1.6 | 15.6 | 5.8** |
Effectiveness | 60.2 | 40.7 | 62 | 34 | 44.1 | 44.1 | 69.7 | 24.1 | 60 | 82.6 | 59.1 | 72.2 | 45.5 | 7.8 | 54.5 | 68.3 |
RCT | 14.6 | 7.7 | 16.9 | 13.2 | 0 | 2.9 | 9.1 | 34.5 | 4 | 13 | 9.1 | 0 | 27.3 | 6.6 | 12.5 | 13.9 |
Qualitative | 3.9 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 17.6 | 15.2 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 6.0 |
Formative | 10.7 | 12 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 0 | 0 | 17.2 | 8 | 0 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 0 | 4.1 | 9.1 | 3.9 |
Mixed Methods | 2.7 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 3.4 | 8 | 4.3 | 9.1 | 0 | 18.2 | 7.5 | 3.7 | 2.2 |
Multi-country studies (%)* | ||||||||||||||||
Multi-country study | 8.4 | 9.6 | 12.7 | 5.7 | 11.8 | 2.9 | 9.1 | 34.5 | 4 | 4.3 | 0 | 11.1 | 0 | 6 | 8.8 | 5.8* |