A study of mobile phone use among patients with noncommunicable diseases in La Paz, Bolivia: implications for mHealth research and development

Table 4 Texting Among Mobile Phone Owners: Results of Multivariate Analysis (N = 452)

	Sends or receives at least once a week
	OR (95 % CI)	p-value
Demographics
Age		<0.01
18–29	Ref
30–49	0.30 (0.08, 1.07)
50–64	0.09 (0.03, 0.31)
65+	0.07 (0.02, 0.25)
Gender		0.37
Male	Ref
Female	1.25 (0.77, 2.01)
Indigenous language used at home		0.71
Yes	0.91 (0.54, 1.52)
No	Ref
Health Literacy^a		0.14
Low	0.65 (0.37, 1.15)
High	Ref
Education in years		<0.01
≤6	Ref
7–12	1.94 (1.09, 3.45)
>12	5.59 (2.84, 10.99)
Health Status
Self-Reported Health		0.08
G./V.G./Exc.^b	Ref
Poor or fair	0.63 (0.38, 1.06)
Number of Self-Reported Chronic Conditions		0.03
0	Ref
1	0.41 (0.21, 0.79)
≥2	0.59 (0.30, 1.14)
Depressed^c		0.24
Yes	0.75 (0.47, 1.21)
No	Ref
Health Care Access
Cost-related access barrier^d		0.29
Yes	1.30 (0.80, 2.12)
No	Ref
Travel time to clinic in minutes		0.04
0–29	Ref
30–59	0.58 (0.34, 0.99)
≥60	0.50 (0.27, 0.90)

^aDefined as not being able to read, frequently or always needing someone to help read papers from health center, frequently or always having problems understanding written medical instructions; ^bGood/Very Good/Excellent; ^cAs measured by a score of 3 or more on the PHQ-2 questionnaire; ^d“In the past year, did cost keep you from going to a clinic or hospital?”