From: Costs, outcomes and challenges for diabetes care in Spain
Intermediate | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2007 | Difference (1996–2007)* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1c ≤7% | 43.0% | 49.2% | 56.1% | 53.4% | 59.0% | 16.0 (15–17) |
HbA1c ≥10% | 10.1 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.5 (4.9–6.1) |
HDL Cholesterol >40mg/dl or >35mg/dl if >65 years | 83.1 | 77.5 | 80.0 | 83.1 | 84.7 | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) |
Total Cholesterol <250 mg/dl | 75.0 | 75.4 | 83.1 | 78.0 | 77.5 | 2.5 (2.1–2.9) |
BMI <30 | 62.2 | 59.3 | 62.0 | 56.8 | 48.9 | 13.3 (12.4–14.2) |
Blood presure <140/90mmHg | 59.1 | 53.6 | 59.6 | 63.1 | 65.1 | 6.0 (5.3–6.7) |
Active smoking | 15.4 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 11.1 | 4.3(3.7–4.9) |
Final | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2002 | 2007 | Difference 1996–2007 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 34.3% | 25.8% | 22.7% | 17.0% | 15.6% | 18.7 (17.6–19.8)* |
Diabetic foot ulcers | 5.7 | 4.1 | 6.6 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.6 (2.2–3.0)* |
Amputation: lower limb | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.9 (1.5–2.3)* |
Microalbuminuria or proteinuria | 15.0 | 26.9 | 37.9 | 21.4 | 16.7 | 1.7 (1.3–2.1)* |
Cardiovascular: Stoke, MI | 21.4 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 18.1 | 14.5 | 6.9 (6.2–7.6)* |
Hospital admission with blood glucose >500mg/dl: amputation, ketosis, hypoglycemia and other | 5.5 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) |