Multi-Country analysis of palm oil consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality for countries at different stages of economic development: 1980-1997

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics

	Developing Countries		Historically High-Income Countries		Difference** (Developing - High-Income)
	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.
	N = 166		N = 244
IHD mortality rate (per 100,000)*	753	624	1,144	512	-392
Stroke mortality rate (per 100,000)*	413	307	723	307	-310
Per-capita palm oil consumption (kg)	3.5	5.1	4.3	8.2	-0.8
Per-capita tobacco consumption (pieces)	1,052	857	1,398	687	-345
Per-capita coconut oil consumption (kg)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	0.1
Per-capita beef consumption (kg)	19	8.9	24	13	-4.9
Per-capita milk consumption (kg)	86	59	104	39	-18
Per-capita butter consumption (kg)	3.5	4.1	4.5	3.6	-1.0
Per-capita cheese consumption (kg)	3.8	4.4	9.1	4.9	-5.3
Per-capita pork consumption (kg)	17.2	14	30	11.4	-13
Per-capita chicken consumption (kg)	9.5	4.7	18	9.5	-8.0
Per-capita GDP (2005 international $)***	7,914	3,927	23,081	5,230	-15,167

Data: USDA statistics on country-specific consumption of agricultural commodities (domestic dietary palm oil consumption, domestic consumption of manufactured tobacco products, domestic consumption of other major sources of saturated fat); WHO Mortality Database; World Bank's World Development Indicators, 1980-1997.
* Mortality rates for IHD and stroke are calculated for each country/jurisdiction's population of individuals aged 50 years and older.
** All differences significant (t-test) at p < 0.05 except per-capita palm oil consumption and per-capita coconut oil consumption
*** Per-capita GDP calculated using purchasing power parity (PPP)
We report the number of observations (N) at the country-year level.
There are 10 "developing economies" (countries that have grown in wealth since the 1970s) and 13 "high-income countries" (countries that have been historically wealthy since the 1970s) in the data set.

ISSN: 1744-8603