Table 3 Effect of health shocks on household non-medical consumption in low and middle income countries
Study | Country | Data source | Statistical model | Measure of health shocks | Non-medical consumption | Food consumption | Non-food consumption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dercon & Krishnan, 2000 [63] | Ethiopia | Ethiopian Rural Household Survey 3 panels (1994–1995) | Generalized method of moments | Females among poor Southern households are too weak to work in last 28 days | (-)1.70-2.30%*** body mass index (BMI) per month | ……. | ……. |
Gertler & Gruber, 2002 [47] | Indonesia | Indonesian Resource Mobilization Study panel (1991, 1993) | Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Instrumental Variable (IV) | Change in index of limitations in household’s head ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Index based on a formula using self-reported ability to perform basic and intermediate activities of daily living | (-)19.50% per capita | ……. | ……. |
Asfaw & Braun, 2004 [64] | Ethiopia | Ethiopian Rural Household survey panel (1994, 1995) | Two-stage least square | Self-reported illness of household head within 4 weeks before the survey | ……. | (-)1.80% last week | (-)33.59%*** last 4 months |
Dercon et al. 2005 [65] | Ethiopia | Ethiopia Rural Household Survey panel (1999, 2004) | Panel regression | Death of head, spouse or another person; Illness of head, spouse or another person | (+)2.10% per capita | ……. | ……. |
(-)8.90%* per capita | |||||||
Wagstaff, 2005 [51] | Vietnam | Vietnam Living Standard Survey panel (1993, 1998) | Fixed effect regression | Negative changes in the log of average BMI among household members aged 18 plus between 19993 and 1998 | ……. | (-)17.30%* per capita | (-)16.90% per capita |
De Weerdt & Dercon, 2006 [66] | Tanzania | Nyakatoke Household Survey 5 panels (February-December, 2000) | IV-regression | Medical expenditure and reduced labour supply due to due to illness | (-)7.30%* per adult | (-)4.80% per adult | (-)7.80% per adult |
Beegle et al. 2008 [67] | Tanzania | Kagera Health and Development Survey panels (1991–2004) | Fixed effect regression, IV | Prime-aged (20–55 years) deaths due to AIDS (during 2000–2004) | (-)29.80%** annual per capita | ……. | ……. |
Galiano & Vera-Hernández, 2008 [68] | Colombia | Familias en Acci on household panel (2002, 2003, 2006) | Fixed effect regression | Any illness of adult male (aged 18–65 years) that does not let him perform ADLs in last 15 days | (+)US$9.65*** monthly | (+)US$4.46 * monthly | (+)US$3.87** monthly |
Gertler et al. 2009 [69] | Indonesia | Indonesian Family Life Survey panel (1993, 1997) | Panel regression | Limitations in husband’s ADLs; Limitations in wife’s ADLs. Index based on a formula using self-reported ability to perform basic and intermediate activities of daily living. | (-)21.90% monthly per capita | ……. | ……. |
(-)17.20%% monthly per capita | |||||||
Khan, 2010 [37] | Bangladesh (Dinajpur) | SHAHAR household survey 3 panels (2002–2003) | Fixed effect regression | Death of any household member in past two years | ……. | (-)15.30%* log per capita in last 3 days | (+)45.50%** log per capita in last month |
Linnemayr, 2010 [70] | South Africa | Household survey 6 panels (2001–2003) | OLS | HIV non-affected household screened in last month; HIV affected households screened in last month | (+)27.70%*** monthly total | (+)25%***monthly total | (+)26.20%*** monthly total |
(+)2% monthly total | (+)2.20% monthly total | (+)2.20% monthly total | |||||
Wagstaff & Lindelow, 2010 [36] | Laos | Multi-shock cross-section survey (2008) | OLS | Death of any household member in last 12 months in the richest quintile | (-)67.90%*** annual per capita | (-)18.80% annual per capita | (-)107.20%*** annual per capita |
Alem & Söderbom, 2012 [71] | Ethiopia | Household survey (2008–2009) | Probit regression | Self-reported illness of a family member; Death of a family member | (+)0.60% per adult equivalent | (-)2.70% per adult equivalent | …… |
(-)11.10% per adult equivalent | (-)13.50% per adult equivalent | ||||||
Islam & Maitra, 2012 [72] | Bangladesh | Panel household survey (1998, 2000, 2005) | Fixed effect regression | Big expenditure/income loss due to illness; death of main family earner | ……. | (+)0.02/100 Taka monthly | (+)1.05 per 1000 Taka yearly |
(+)0.31/100 Taka monthly | (+)1.64 per 1000 Taka yearly | ||||||
Powell-Jackson & Hoque, 2012 [73] | Bangladesh | Household survey 2 panels (2007–2008) | OLS | Severe maternal complications (dystocia, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, septic shock or septicaemia, severe anaemia) | (-)5.30% monthly per capita | (-)7.50% monthly per capita | ……. |
Genoni, 2012 [74] | Indonesia | Indonesian Family Life Survey 2 panels (1997, 2000) | Fixed effect regression, IV | Deterioration in ability to walk 5 km; Deterioration in Intermediate ADLs (carrying a heavy load for 20 meters, walking for 5 kilometers, bowing or kneeling, sweeping the floor or yard, and drawing a pail of water from a well) | (+)1.60% monthly per capita | (-)4.20% monthly per capita | ……. |
(+)1.20% monthly per capita | (-)3.60% monthly per capita |