Table 1 Determinants of population health
From: The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework
Level/ Nature | General determinants | More detailed determinants |
|---|---|---|
Contextual level | ||
Institutional | Institutional infrastructure | Governance structure Political environment System of law Regulation |
Economic | Economic infrastructure | Occupational structure Tax system Markets |
Social-cultural | Culture | Religion Ideology Customs |
| Â | Population | Population size Structure Geographical distribution |
| Â | Social infrastructure | Social organisation Knowledge development Social security Insurance system Mobility and communication |
Environmental | Ecological settings | Ecosystems Climate |
Distal level | ||
Institutional | Health policy | Effective public health policy Sufficient public health budget |
| Â | Health-related policies | Effective food policy Effective water policy Effective social policy Effective environmental policy |
Economic | Economic development | Income/wealth Economic equity |
| Â | Trade | Trade in goods and services Marketing |
Social-cultural | Knowledge | Education and literacy Health education Technology |
| Â | Social interactions | Social equity Conflicts Travel and migration |
Environmental | Ecosystem goods and services | Habitat Information Production Regulation |
Proximal level | ||
Institutional | Health services | Provision of and access to health services |
Economic | - | - |
Social-cultural | Lifestyle | Healthy food consumption patterns Alcohol and tobacco use Drug abuse Unsafe sexual behaviour Physical activity Stress coping Child care Lifestyle related endogen factors (blood pressure, obesity, cholesterol levels) |
| Â | Social environment | Social support and informal care Intended injuries and abuse/violence |
Environmental | Food and water | Sufficient quality Sufficient quantity Sanitation |
| Â | Physical environment | Quality of the living environment (biotic, physical and chemical factors) Unintended injuries |