Table 1 Determinants of population health
From: The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework
| Level/ Nature | General determinants | More detailed determinants |
|---|---|---|
| Contextual level | ||
| Institutional | Institutional infrastructure |
Governance structure Political environment System of law Regulation |
| Economic | Economic infrastructure |
Occupational structure Tax system Markets |
| Social-cultural | Culture |
Religion Ideology Customs |
| Population |
Population size Structure Geographical distribution | |
| Social infrastructure |
Social organisation Knowledge development Social security Insurance system Mobility and communication | |
| Environmental | Ecological settings |
Ecosystems Climate |
| Distal level | ||
| Institutional | Health policy |
Effective public health policy Sufficient public health budget |
| Health-related policies |
Effective food policy Effective water policy Effective social policy Effective environmental policy | |
| Economic | Economic development |
Income/wealth Economic equity |
| Trade |
Trade in goods and services Marketing | |
| Social-cultural | Knowledge |
Education and literacy Health education Technology |
| Social interactions |
Social equity Conflicts Travel and migration | |
| Environmental | Ecosystem goods and services |
Habitat Information Production Regulation |
| Proximal level | ||
| Institutional | Health services | Provision of and access to health services |
| Economic | - | - |
| Social-cultural | Lifestyle |
Healthy food consumption patterns Alcohol and tobacco use Drug abuse Unsafe sexual behaviour Physical activity Stress coping Child care Lifestyle related endogen factors (blood pressure, obesity, cholesterol levels) |
| Social environment |
Social support and informal care Intended injuries and abuse/violence | |
| Environmental | Food and water |
Sufficient quality Sufficient quantity Sanitation |
| Physical environment |
Quality of the living environment (biotic, physical and chemical factors) Unintended injuries | |