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Fig. 2 | Globalization and Health

Fig. 2

From: The influence of share buybacks on ill-health and health inequity: an exploratory analysis using a socio-ecological determinants of health lens

Fig. 2

Estimated value of total shareholder returns relative to net income, as well as capital expenditure and research and development expenditure, for US-listed corporations, 1982–2021. Source: Compustat North America via Wharton Research Data Services. Estimated annual value of ‘open market’ share buybacks = value of common and preferred stock purchases made minus the calculated reduction in the net value of preferred stocks outstanding (when a positive value). Total shareholder returns = open market share buybacks + common dividends paid

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