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Table 3 Factors associated with low resilience level (BRS score 1.00–2.99)

From: Resilience level and its association with maladaptive coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey of the general populations

 

n (%)

cOR (95% C.I.)

p

aOR (95% C.I.)

p

Age

  

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 18–29

380 (33.0%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

 30–39

52 (19.5%)

0.49 (0.36—0.69)

 < 0.001

0.58 (0.41—0.81)

0.002

 40–49

21 (12.7%)

0.30 (0.18—0.48)

 < 0.001

0.31 (0.19—0.51)

 < 0.001

  ≥ 50

23 (15.9%)

0.38 (0.24—0.61)

 < 0.001

0.43 (0.26—0.69)

0.001

Sex

 Male

121 (20.8%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

 Female

348 (30.5%)

1.67 (1.32—2.12)

 < 0.001

1.72 (1.34—2.20)

 < 0.001

Years of Education

  

0.001

 

0.100

 0–9

21 (28.8%)

1.18 (0.70—1.99)

0.530

1.35 (0.77—2.37)

0.290

 10–12

96 (36.6%)

1.69 (1.28—2.23)

 < 0.001

1.37 (1.00—1.87)

0.050

  > 12

362 (25.5%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

Residence

  

0.150

 

0.870

 Urban

289 (25.8%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

 Rural

139 (30.6%)

1.27 (1.00—1.62)

0.050

1.03 (0.79—1.33)

0.850

 Others

51 (28.0%)

1.12 (0.79—1.59)

0.520

1.10 (0.75—1.62)

0.610

Private financial situation in the past six months

  

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 Increased

59 (19.3%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

 Decreased

161 (38.6%)

2.62 (1.86—3.71)

 < 0.001

2.32 (1.62—3.34)

 < 0.001

 Remains the same

220 (23.8%)

1.30 (0.94—1.79)

0.110

1.33 (0.95—1.86)

0.097

 Don’t know

38 (34.5%)

2.20 (1.36—3.57)

0.001

1.46 (0.86—2.46)

0.160

Weight change over the past six months

  

 < 0.001

 

0.026

 Increased

206 (28.9%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

 Decreased

86 (35.5%)

1.36 (1.00—1.85)

0.053

1.38 (0.99—1.91)

0.056

 Remains the same

157 (22.1%)

0.70 (0.55—0.89)

0.003

0.83 (0.64—1.07)

0.160

 Don’t know

28 (36.4%)

1.41 (0.86—2.30)

0.170

1.22 (0.73—2.05)

0.450

Number of chronic conditionsa

  

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 0

296 (24.3%)

1.0 (referent)

 

1.0 (referent)

 

 1

122 (31.1%)

1.40 (1.09—1.81)

0.008

1.56 (1.19—2.04)

0.001

  ≥ 2

61 (39.6%)

2.04 (1.44—2.89)

 < 0.001

2.32 (1.59—3.39)

 < 0.001

  1. cOR Crude odds ratio, aOR Adjusted odds ratio, C.I. Confidence interval, BRS Brief Resilience Score; those variables in univariate analysis with p < 0.20 to be included as predictors in multivariate analysis
  2. aChronic conditions include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, immunodeficiency, respiratory diseases, liver diseases, kidney diseases, cancer in the past five years, sickle cell diseases, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), mental health issues; and COVID-19