Table 3 Ranking of countries with at least 30 articles on REE_eh (threshold) of R_GERD (ratio of the number of articles and the Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in bn $ ) and R_RES (ratio of the number of articles and the number of researchers in 10,000 Full Time Equivalents (FTE))

Iran

9.7362

23.11

Switzerland

4.6088

26.47

Portugal

4.4961

20.24

Romania

1.7518

26.26

Pakistan

2.2454

18.26

Italy

14.0378

24.93

Romania

2.6802

17.16

Portugal

4.4938

20.25

Ukraine

2.2614

16.36

Iran

11.8987

18.91

Egypt

7.2172

11.64

Czech Republic

3.9181

16.85

Italy

34.6576

10.10

Netherlands

8.3187

16.59

Spain

22.3193

9.77

Spain

13.3213

16.36

Poland

11.8447

9.71

Canada

15.8890

15.17

Greece

3.5385

9.61

Egypt

6.5301

12.86

Czech Republic

7.3024

9.04

Belgium

5.4010

12.41

Canada

29.6596

8.13

France

29.5754

11.94

India

55.1270

8.05

UK

28.9674

11.77

Australia

22.5552

7.94

Germany

41.9617

11.39

Netherlands

18.8032

7.34

USA

143.4415

10.86

UK

51.0291

6.68

South Africa

2.9515

10.84

Switzerland

19.1115

6.38

Finland

3.7047

10.80

Finland

7.1491

5.60

Norway

3.3632

10.41

France

66.0449

5.34

Poland

11.4585

10.04

South Africa

6.0256

5.31

China

174.0442

9.94

Mexico

8.1125

5.18

Greece

3.5000

9.71

Norway

6.9721

5.02

Denmark

4.5428

9.69

Brazil

33.0113

4.70

Sweden

7.3132

9.57

Turkey

21.7440

4.69

Singapore

3.8829

9.53

Denmark

9.6826

4.54

Austria

4.7521

9.26

Belgium

15.3555

4.36

Turkey

11.1893

9.12

China

420.8156

4.11

Ukraine

4.2164

8.78

Sweden

17.8373

3.92

South Korea

38.3100

6.00

Russia

42.3757

3.61

Pakistan

6.9769

5.88

Singapore

10.2552

3.61

Japan

67.6292

5.23

Germany

134.4298

3.56

Russia

41.0617

3.73

Austria

14.6550

3.00

Thailand

9.3457

3.21

USA

548.9840

2.84

Switzerland

4.6088

26.47

South Korea

90.3861

2.54

India

–

–

Thailand

12.0784

2.48

Australia

–

–

Japan

166.1837

2.13

Brazil

–

–

Israel

16.3525

2.02

Israel

–

–