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Table 1 Summary statistics, pairwise correlations and cross-sectional dependence results

From: Sustainable thresholds, health outcomes, health expenditures and education nexus in selected African countries: quadratic and moderation modelling

Variable

Summary Statistics

Pairwise Correlations

CSD-Test

Obs

Mean

Std. Dev.

Min

Max

lnMAT

lnCHD

lnLEX

LnMAT

525

550.133

332.249

52

2480

1.000

  

64.870***

LnCHD

525

71.095

26.195

13.262

147.185

0.827***

1.000

 

37.693***

LnLEX

525

56.982

7.049

39.441

74.515

−0.677***

− 0.744***

1.000

74.414***

lnHEXPC

525

110.342

161.28

3.395

844

−0.694***

−0.533***

0.322***

34.962***

LnEDU

525

1.753

0.449

1.069

2.939

−0.586***

−0.563***

0.343***

65.981***

LnICT

525

11.427

13.902

0.026

59.42

−0.602***

−0.566***

0.617***

75.210***

LnHCON

525

0.709

0.151

0.221

1.039

0.326***

0.076*

−0.191***

1.734*

LnHIV

525

6.459

7.939

0.2

28.9

−0.153***

0.021

−0.369***

17.337***

LnTUB

525

363.395

325.685

11

1590

0.267***

0.381***

−0.567***

37.413***

LnTFP

525

0.472

0.227

0.142

1.25

−0.551***

−0.491***

0.223***

6.021***

  1. Notes: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1, t-statistics in parentheses, ln Natural logarithm, MAT Maternal mortality, CHD Child mortality, LEX Life expectancy at birth, HEXPC Health expenditures per capita, EDUC Education, ICT Internet users, HCON Household consumption, HIV People living with HIV, TFP Total factor productivity
  2. Source: Authors’ Calculations