Table 4 Evidence for effectiveness of PCM cooling mattresses in comparison with low- and high-tech cooling devices

ICE [42]

Ice packs

221 (110 cooled, 111 controls)

Australia, New Zealand, Canada, USA

2 h (IQR = 1-3 h)

33.8 ± 0.4 °C for 72 h

0.5 °C every two hours

Horn et al., 2009 [43]

Servo-controlled fan

10 (no controls)

South Africa

58 min

33.6 ± 0.2 °C for 72 h

0.2 °C every 30 min

Robertson et al., 2008 [44]

Water bottles

36 (21 cooled, 15 controls)

Uganda

1 h

33.62 ± 0.69 °C for 72 h

< 0.5 °C per hour

TOBY [40]

High-tech manual cooling device (Tecotherm TS 200)

325 (163 cooled, 162 controls)

UK

NA

33.5 ± 0.5 °C for 72 h

0.5 °C per hour

NICHD [39]

High-tech servo-controlled cooling device (Blanketrol II)

205 (102 cooled, 106 controls)

USA

90 min

33.4 ± 0.9 °C for 72 h

0.5 °C per hour

Oliveira et al., 2018 [45]

Low-cost servo-controlled cooling device (Tecotherm HELIX)

82 (no controls)

India

1.7 h (SD = 1.5)

33.4 ± 0.2 °C for 72 h

0.34 °C per hour

Thayyil et al., 2021 [46]

Low-cost servo-controlled cooling device (Tecotherm Neo)

408 (202 cooled, 206 controls)

India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka

NA

33.5 ± 0.1 °C for 72 h

0.5 °C per hour

Thomas et al., 2015 [41]

PCM cooling mattress (MiraCradle)

41 (no controls)

India

30 min (IQR = 10-90 min)

33.45 ± 0.26 °C for 72 h

0.24 °C per hour

Thomas et al., 2017 [38]

PCM cooling mattress (MiraCradle)

103 (no controls)

India

90 min (IQR = 45-120 min)

33.5 ± 0.39 °C for 72 h

0.28 °C per hour

THIN [47]

PCM cooling mattress (MiraCradle)

50 (25 cooled, 25 controls)

India

NA

33.5 ± 0.27 °C for 72 h

0.2 °C-0.5 °C per hour

Catherine et al., 2021 [48]

PCM cooling mattress (MiraCradle)

172 (78 cooled, 84 controls)

India

NA

33.5 ± 0.5 °C for 72 h

0.5 °C per hour