Table 1 Summary of key findings
Policy/Country | Related global policy agenda | transfer mechanisms | Strategy | Successful or failed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
DOTS for TB and syndromic management for STIs in Mozambique [37] | MDGs | Voluntary through Lessons drawing | - Inter-country visits (visit to Zimbabwe to learn about syndromic management of STI) - Scientific and technical cross-national linkages between international players and the national stakeholders - Financial support | Successful |
Global health policies for malaria and HIV/AIDS/ Cameroon [38] | MDGs | Coercive: funding conditionality | - Conditionality in accessing funding - Policy negotiation | Successful |
Health sector decentralization in Malawi [39] | World Bank Structural Adjustment Program | Coercive: funding conditionality | - Conditionality on aid - Participatory learning and formal training - Bureaucratic bypass | Successful |
Hospital autonomy reforms in Malawi [40] | World Bank Structural Adjustment Program | Coercive | - Conditionality on aid - Technical support | Failed |
Child-appropriate dosage formulations policy from the global to national level/ Uganda [41] | WHO resolution (WHA60.20) | Voluntary through lessons drawing | - Policy negotiation - Technical support | Failed |
Policy transfer in the context of the UNAIDS ‘90–90–90’ treatment targets in Ghana and Uganda [5] | SDGs | Voluntary involving lessons drawing | - Policy negotiation - Technical support - Financial support | Successful |
Introduction of new molecular tuberculosis diagnostics in South Africa [42] | MDGs | Voluntary involving lessons drawing | - Technical support | Successful |
Advocacy coalitions and the transfer of nutrition policy to Zambia [43] | MDGs | Voluntary | - Technical cross-national linkages between international players and the national stakeholders - Systematic advocacy - Technical assistance - Funding to the national drivers of the process | Successful |
Understanding the role of international organizations in iCCM policy transfer in six African countries [30] | MDGs | Mixed (voluntary and coercive) involving lessons drawing and conditional funding | - Policy negotiation - Technical support (Provision of technical assistance) - Financial support (External funding targeted at iCCM) - International conferences - Publications in peer review journals - Study tours and global guidelines | Successful |