|
Influencing government policy making and implementation
| | | | |
|
Lobbying
|
13
|
6
|
3
|
5
|
|
Revolving door
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
Policy capture
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
|
Intimidation, incentives & bribery
|
7
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
|
Developing/promoting alternative solutions
|
2
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
|
Influencing voters and the general public
|
7
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
Challenging Unfavorable Science
| | | | |
|
Shaping the evidence-base
|
12
|
7
|
4
|
1
|
|
Infiltrate the public health scientific community
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
Hiding industry role in research
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
Creating a positive image
| | | | |
|
Corporate social responsibility
|
8
|
7
|
4
|
3
|
|
Offering voluntary self-regulation
|
3
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
|
Issue framing
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
|
Targeted marketing
|
6
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
|
Creating “healthier” products
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Manipulating Markets
| | | | |
|
Manipulating cost
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
|
Economic framings
|
7
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
|
Undermining tax policies
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
Illicit trade and smuggling
|
6
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
Mounting Legal Challenges
| | | | |
|
Litigation
|
8
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Using trade agreements/investment law to challenge national policies
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
Trade Framing
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Preemption
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Anticipating future scenarios
| | | | |
|
Expanding into emerging markets
|
2
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
|
Monitoring and discrediting public health proponents
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
