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Table 6 Estimates of association between child health outcomes, anthropometrics, and the interaction of mining proximity (0–10 km vs 10–50 km) and the mine life stages using alternative specifications

From: Assessing the effects of mining projects on child health in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis

Interaction (proximity*mining phase)$

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Diarrhoeal episodes

Cough episodes

Height-for-Age z-scores

Weight-for-Age z-scores

Weight-for-Height z-scores

Close* planning phase (9–5 years before)

0.73

1.05

−0.20

0.03

0.03

(0.48–1.10)

(0.74–1.48)

(− 0.53–0.14)

(−0.39–0.45)

(−0.42–0.47)

Close*prospection and construction phase (4–0 years before)

0.69*

0.96

−0.28*

− 0.00

0.06

(0.49–0.97)

(0.67–1.39)

(−0.55 - -0.01)

(− 0.39–0.39)

(−0.33–0.46)

Close*early extraction phase (1–5 years after)

0.69

1.06

−0.04

0.22

0.17

(0.47–1.02)

(0.70–1.61)

(− 0.34–0.26)

(−0.19–0.62)

(−0.23–0.57)

Close*advanced extraction phase (> 5 years after)

0.55

1.51

0.03

0.36

0.25

(0.26–1.17)

(0.80–2.86)

(− 0.40–0.46)

(−0.09–0.82)

(−0.16–0.66)

Observations

59,078

57,799

35,027

35,609

34,594

  1. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
  2. $ - interaction term between clusters’ proximity (0–10 km) and the mine activity status at survey year
  3. All models are adjusted for child sex, twin births, maternal age, maternal education, residence, wealth index, birth order, number of children born to mother, mine and birth year
  4. The treatment group corresponds to children located within a distance radius of 10 km from active mines at the DHS survey year, categorised in four mine life stages. The reference group (control) are children located within a distance radius of 10 km before mine activation plus those born 10–50 km away regardless of mines’ activity status at the DHS survey year
  5. Mine life stages stratify all regression estimations compared against the reference comprised of the interaction between clusters located at 10–50 km and all periods of mine life stages
  6. Logistic regression models are used for estimating the odds ratio for diarrhoeal, and cough episodes (columns (1) and (2)) and linear regression models are used for anthropometric indicators (columns (3), (4), and (5)). The reported estimates for morbidities (i.e., diarrhoea and cough) are crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and the child’s anthropometrics are crude and adjusted beta coefficients. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are shown in parentheses and are clustered at the survey-cluster level