Climate-disease associations: | |
 ENSO variability associated with malaria epidemics: African region [25] | |
Increased rainfall and temperature associated with malaria epidemics: South Africa [23], East African highlands [25], South America [26], Iran [28], Nepal [35] | |
 Temperature limits malaria vector occurrence and abundance: Europe [32] | |
 Humidity associated with malaria transmission: Pakistan [30, 31], Iran [28] | |
 ENSO variability and dengue incidence: South America [26], Asia-Pacific [38, 40] | |
 Variations in temperature, precipitation, and dengue incidence: Peurto Rico [27], Pakistan [29,30,31], China [36, 37, 39], Malaysia [14] | |
Climate change impacts on disease: | |
 Increased malaria transmission suitability at higher altitudes: African highlands, Latin America, Southeast Asia [4, 17, 24], Western Pacific [48], Nepal [35] | |
 Latitudinal expansion of Anopheles mosquitoes: Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Central and Eastern Europe [15], China [39] | |
 Increasing Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission suitability: UK [33], Europe [15] | |
 Reduced malaria transmission suitability due to extreme temperatures: Philippines [34] | |
 Expansion of Aedes mosquitoes to higher altitudes: Nepal [35] | |
 Increased dengue transmission suitability: African region [24], China [37] | |
 Latitudinal expansion of Aedes mosquitoes: Europe [32], South America [26], UK [33] | |
Adaptation strategies: | |
 Enhanced surveillance for non-native vectors: UK [33] | |
 Malaria early warning systems (MEWS): South Africa [16], African region [25], Philippines [34] | |
 Environmental management and enhanced vector control: UK [33], Pacific region [38] | |
 Early warning systems for dengue outbreaks: Philippines [34] | |
 Predictive models of future climate change impacts: UK [33] | |
 National adaptation planning and health systems strengthening: Nepal [35] |