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Table 3 Health and well-being outcomes studied

From: A scoping review on the measurement of transnationalism in migrant health research in high-income countries

Outcomes studied

na

%a

Studies

Mental health

23

48.9%

 

 Major depressive episodes or symptoms

9

19.1%

[13, 29, 34, 44, 46, 52, 55, 60, 61]

 Poor emotional well-being

5

10.6%

[30, 45, 56, 59, 62]

 Loneliness

2

4.3%

[36, 50]

 Acculturative stress

2

4.3%

[60, 69]

 Anxiety

2

4.3%

[13, 37]

 Psychological distress

2

4.3%

[22, 39]

 Happiness

4

8.5%

[39, 57, 59, 63]

 Sadness

1

2.1%

[46]

 Poor mental health

2

4.3%

[34, 57]

 Immigration related stress

1

2.1%

[60]

 Marital stress

1

2.1%

[60]

 Employment stress

1

2.1%

[60]

 General stress

1

2.1%

[13]

 Emotional financial strain

1

2.1%

[64]

 Partner violence

1

2.1%

[60]

Health & well-being

18

38.3%

 

 Poor self-rated health

6

12.8%

[21, 35, 41, 56, 57, 59]

 Life satisfaction

7

14.9%

[13, 45, 55,56,57, 59, 62]

 Poor subjective well-being

1

2.1%

[58]

 Dental problems

1

2.1%

[31]

 Chronic disease & health limitations

2

4.3%

[21, 35]

 Health satisfaction

1

2.1%

[38]

 Inflammatory markers

1

2.1%

[42]

 General health problems

5

8.5%

[40, 47, 48, 52, 62]

Socioeconomic indicators

14

29.8%

 

 Financial strain

1

2.1%

[64]

 Housing

3

4.3%

[40, 51, 52]

 Low income

4

6.4%

[31, 35, 53, 60]

 High income

2

4.3%

[35, 52]

 Financial struggles

1

2.1%

[51]

 Socioeconomic position

1

2.1%

[48]

 Satisfaction with host country economy

1

2.1%

[34]

 Knowledge, positive perception and/or use of community/social resources

2

4.3%

[52, 66]

 Lack of health/dental insurance

6

8.5%

[31, 47, 49, 52,53,54]

 Poor quality healthcare in host country

3

2.1%

[47, 49, 53]

 Has a usual care provider

1

2.1%

[47]

Social contacts & relationships

9

19.1%

 

 Quality of parent-child relationships (in host country)

1

2.1%

[55]

 Quality of parent-child relationships (children abroad)

1

2.1%

[67]

 Social support

1

2.1%

[13]

 Social networks

1

2.1%

[33]

 Relationships with locals

2

4.3%

[66, 68]

 Transnational relationships

3

2.1%

[48, 53, 54]

Health Behaviours

4

8.5%

 

 Alcohol use

1

2.1%

[43]

 Smoking

1

2.1%

[28]

 Substance abuse

1

2.1%

[60]

 Fertility ideals, current/cumulative fertility

1

2.1%

[27]

Integration

11

23.4%

 

 Perceived discrimination

6

12.8%

[13, 32, 35, 66, 69, 70]

 Citizenship in host country

1

2.1%

[47]

 Integrated in host country

1

2.1%

[35]

 Knowledge of host country’s language

2

4.3%

[47, 66]

 Sense of belonging in host country

1

2.1%

[66]

 Host country identity

2

4.3%

[65, 68]

 Happy with decision to have moved to host country

1

2.1%

[34]

 Use of country of origin as reference group to evaluate social standing

1

2.1%

[34]

 Intention to leave host country

1

2.1%

[51]

 Home country identity

1

2.1%

[65]

 ‘Ethnic group’ identity

2

4.3%

[13, 65]

Employment related outcomes

2

4.3%

 

 Job absenteeism

1

2.1%

[63]

 Job instability

1

2.1%

[63]

 Work-family life conflict

1

2.1%

[63]

 Unemployment

1

2.1%

[52]

  1. aNumbers sum up to greater than 47 and 100% since a number of studies examined more than one outcome