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Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the effect of the interaction between mining activity (before vs. after mine opening) and proximity to the mine (≤10 km vs. 10-50 km) on childhood health outcomes using the pseudo-panel household dataset

From: Impact of mining projects on water and sanitation infrastructures and associated child health outcomes: a multi-country analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in sub-Saharan Africa

 

OR (95%CI) for interaction close proximity*active

Crude modela

Adj. for ind. factorsb

Adj. for ind. and HH factorsc

Wealthier HH onlybd

Poorer HH onlybd

Stunting

0.62 (0.43 - 0.89)*

0.62 (0.43 - 0.90)*

0.79 (0.54 - 1.16)

0.68 (0.36 - 1.31)

0.63 (0.32 - 1.24)

Wasting

0.62 (0.34 - 1.13)

0.59 (0.32 - 1.08)

0.61 (0.33 - 1.14)

1.05 (0.27 - 4.06)

0.40 (0.16 - 0.99)*

Underweight

0.54 (0.35 - 0.83)*

0.55 (0.36 - 0.84)*

0.72 (0.47 - 1.11)

0.67 (0.32 - 1.43)

0.52 (0.25 - 1.08)

Diarrhea

1.12 (0.81 - 1.56)

1.13 (0.80 - 1.58)

1.20 (0.85 - 1.69)

2.05 (1.11 - 3.76)*

0.63 (0.34 - 1.17)

  1. amine-level random intercept only
  2. badjusted for individual-level factors (child age and sex)
  3. cadjusted for individual and household-level factors (wealth, access to water and sanitation, household size)
  4. dstratified analyses using only data from the two lower wealth quintiles (poorer households) and the two upper wealth quintiles (wealthier households), respectively
  5. *p < 0.05; ** p<0.001