Skip to main content

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for different household and child indicators

From: Impact of mining projects on water and sanitation infrastructures and associated child health outcomes: a multi-country analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in sub-Saharan Africa

 

Household data

Child data

Cross-sectional dataset (N=189 992)

Longitudinal dataset (N=41 896)

Cross-sectional dataset (N=136 801)

Longitudinal dataset (N=32 112)

Distance to mine

 ≤5 km

2 893 (1.5%)

n.a.

1 722 (1.3%)

n.a.

 5-10 km

5 654 (3.0%)

n.a.

3 505 (2.6%)

n.a.

 10-20 km

13 527 (7.1%)

n.a.

8 902 (6.5%)

n.a.

 20-30 km

15 927 (8.4%)

n.a.

11 539 (8.4%)

n.a.

 30-40 km

20 581 (10.8%)

n.a.

14 177 (10.4%)

n.a.

 40-50 km

21 341 (11.2%)

n.a.

15 223 (11.1%)

n.a.

 50-100 km

110 069 (57.9%)

n.a.

81 733 (59.7%)

n.a.

Mine close (≤10 km)

n.a.

2 857 (6.8%)

n.a.

1 894 (5.9%)

Mine active

n.a.

17 805 (45.7%)

n.a.

12 738 (42.5%)

Water infrastructures

 Basic (surface water)

35 802 (19.1%)

11 052 (26.7%)

28 484 (21.1%)

8 794 (27.6%)

 Intermediate (well)

85 141 (45.4%)

19 130 (46.2%)

68 828 (50.9%)

15 549 (48.8%)

 Modern (piped/tap)

61 967 (33.1%)

10 812 (26.1%)

35 940 (26.6%)

7 390 (23.2%)

Sanitation infrastructures

 Basic (no facility)

50 061 (26.8%)

12 859 (31.3%)

40 037 (29.8%)

10 883 (34.4%)

 Intermediate (latrine)

112 190 (60.2%)

25 461 (61.9%)

82 219 (61.2%)

19 363 (61.2%)

 Modern (flush toilet)

24 233 (13.0%)

2 807 (6.8%)

12 152 (9.0%)

1 402 (4.4%)

Household size (median)

4

5

6

6

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

38 064 (20.0%)

8 714 (20.8%)

27 586 (20.6%)

6 714 (20.9%)

 Poor

41 949 (22.1%)

8 381 (20.0%)

30 730 (22.9%)

6 604 (20.6%)

 Middle

42 330 (22.3%)

9 067 (21.7%)

31 607 (23.6%)

7 144 (22.3%)

 Rich

38 700 (20.4%)

9 037 (21.6%)

27 296 (20.4%)

7 189 (22.4%)

 Richest

28 949 (15.2%)

6 609 (15.8%)

16 792 (12.5%)

4 433 (13.8%)

Stunted

n.a.

n.a.

22 402 (34.0%)

5 878 (40.8%)

Wasted

n.a.

n.a.

4 697 (7.2%)

1 224 (8.6%)

Underweight

  

10 918 (16.3%)

3 211 (22.0%)

Diarrheal episodea

n.a.

n.a.

16 121 (15.2%)

4 585 (18.4%)

Age (mean/years)

n.a.

n.a.

1.9

1.9

Female

n.a.

n.a.

67 876 (49.6%)

15 866 (49.4%)

  1. Data from 131 Demographic and Health Surveys from 34 sub-Saharan Africa collected between 1990 and 2019 within 100 km from active mines (cross-sectional datasets) or within 50 km from isolated mines (longitudinal dataset) were included. Only households or children with non-missing data were used as denominators for the percentages
  2. n.a. not applicable
  3. aPresence of a diarrheal episode during the two weeks prior to the survey