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Table 1 Sample characteristics, prevalence rates of loneliness by socio-demographic and COVID-19 epidemic characteristics, and results of multiple logistic regression analysis on factors associated with loneliness

From: Feelings of loneliness and mental health needs and services utilization among Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic

Characteristics

Total sample (n = 7741), N (%, percentage among the total sample)

Lonely residents (n = 1874), N (%, prevalence of loneliness)

χ2

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Subpopulation

Wuhan residents

2617 (33.8)

662 (25.3)

    
 

Migrants from Wuhan

930 (12.0)

253 (27.2)

    
 

Other Hubei residents

633 (8.2)

141 (22.3)

    
 

Residents of other provinces in China

3561 (46.0)

818 (23.0)

10.498

0.015

  

Gender

Male

2539 (32.8)

633 (24.9)

    
 

Female

5202 (67.2)

1241 (23.9)

0.074

0.300

  

Age-group (years)

16–29

3166 (40.9)

889 (28.1)

  

1.36 (1.05, 1.76)

0.020

 

30–49

3985 (51.5)

875 (22.0)

  

1.19 (0.95, 1.48)

0.133

 

50+

590 (7.6)

110 (18.6)

46.820

< 0.001

1

 

Marital status

Never-married

2975 (38.4)

862 (29.0)

  

1.47 (1.26, 1.73)

< 0.001

 

Othersa

347 (4.5)

106 (30.5)

  

1.72 (1.35, 2.19)

< 0.001

 

Married

4419 (57.1)

906 (20.5)

77.515

< 0.001

1

 

Employment status

Employed

5846 (75.5)

1360 (23.3)

    
 

Unemployed

476 (6.1)

116 (24.4)

    
 

Students

1419 (18.3)

398 (28.0)

14.251

0.001

  

Education

Middle school and below

1269 (16.4)

313 (24.7)

    
 

Associate’s degree and above

6472 (83.6)

1561 (24.1)

0.172

0.678

  

Perceived severity of the epidemic in current residence place

Severe

2548 (32.9)

645 (25.3)

    
 

Not severe

5193 (67.1)

1229 (23.7)

2.529

0.112

  

Having family members or close relatives infected with SARS-CoV-2b

Yes

94 (1.2)

34 (36.2)

  

1.64 (1.06, 2.53)

0.026

 

No

7647 (98.8)

1840 (24.1)

7.420

0.006

1

 

Having colleagues, friends or classmates infected with SARS-CoV-2b

Yes

736 (9.5)

229 (31.1)

  

1.62 (1.36, 1.92)

 
 

No

7005 (90.5)

1645 (23.5)

21.137

< 0.001

1

< 0.001

Having infected neighbors of the same community/village

Yes

829 (10.7)

221 (26.7)

    
 

No

6912 (89.3)

1653 (23.9)

3.037

0.081

  
  1. a“Others” included re-married, co-habiting, separated, divorced, and widowed
  2. bSARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2