Table 1 Participant characteristics and bivariate analysis (N = 1032)
From: Exploring fear of COVID-19 and its correlates among older adults in Bangladesh
| Characteristics | n | % | COVID-19 fear score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | P | |||
| Total | 1032 | 100.0 | 19.4 | 6.1 | |
| Age (year, %) | |||||
| 60–69 | 803 | 77.8 | 19.3 | 6.1 | 0.376 |
| 70–79 | 174 | 16.9 | 19.4 | 6.0 | |
| > = 80 | 55 | 5.3 | 20.5 | 5.9 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 676 | 65.5 | 18.9 | 6.1 | 0.001 |
| Female | 356 | 34.5 | 20.3 | 5.9 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 840 | 81.4 | 19.5 | 6.2 | 0.992 |
| Widow/Widower | 192 | 18.6 | 19.0 | 5.4 | |
| Literacy | |||||
| Illiterate | 602 | 58.3 | 19.4 | 5.9 | 0.962 |
| literate | 430 | 41.7 | 19.4 | 6.2 | |
| Family size | |||||
| ≤ 4 | 318 | 30.8 | 19.2 | 6.2 | 0.478 |
| > 4 | 714 | 69.2 | 19.5 | 6.0 | |
| Family monthly income in Bangladeshi Taka | |||||
| < 5000 | 145 | 14.1 | 20.4 | 6.4 | 0.014 |
| 5000-10,000 | 331 | 32.1 | 18.7 | 6.3 | |
| > 10,000 | 556 | 53.9 | 19.6 | 5.8 | |
| Residence | |||||
| Urban | 269 | 26.1 | 19.4 | 5.6 | 0.932 |
| Rural | 763 | 73.9 | 19.4 | 6.2 | |
| Current occupation | |||||
| Employed | 419 | 40.6 | 19.3 | 6.4 | 0.511 |
| Unemployed and retired | 613 | 59.4 | 19.5 | 5.9 | |
| Living arrangement | |||||
| Living with other family members | 953 | 92.3 | 19.3 | 6.0 | 0.005 |
| Living alone | 79 | 7.7 | 21.3 | 6.1 | |
| Walking distance to the nearest health centre | |||||
| < 30 min | 508 | 49.2 | 19.1 | 6.1 | 0.107 |
| ≥ 30 min | 524 | 50.8 | 19.7 | 6.0 | |
| Having problem in memory or concentration | |||||
| No problem | 782 | 75.8 | 19.0 | 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Low memory or concentration | 250 | 24.2 | 20.6 | 6.2 | |
| Pre-existing non-communicable chronic conditions | |||||
| No | 424 | 41.1 | 18.5 | 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 608 | 58.9 | 20.1 | 5.8 | |
| Concerned about COVID-19 | |||||
| Hardly | 299 | 29.0 | 15.4 | 4.7 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 733 | 71.0 | 21.1 | 5.8 | |
| Overwhelmed by COVID-19 | |||||
| Hardly | 370 | 36.4 | 15.8 | 5.2 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 647 | 63.6 | 21.4 | 5.5 | |
| Difficulty getting food during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 553 | 55.3 | 17.7 | 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 447 | 44.7 | 21.2 | 5.4 | |
| Difficulty earning money during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 340 | 37.4 | 16.9 | 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 570 | 62.6 | 20.8 | 5.7 | |
| Difficulty getting medicine during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 733 | 75.3 | 18.4 | 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 240 | 24.7 | 22.2 | 5.0 | |
| Difficulty receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 644 | 69.6 | 18.5 | 6.1 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 281 | 30.4 | 21.5 | 4.9 | |
| Feeling of isolated | |||||
| Hardly | 636 | 61.6 | 18.2 | 6.1 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 396 | 38.4 | 21.4 | 5.5 | |
| Frequency of communication during the COVID-19 | |||||
| Normal | 598 | 58.0 | 18.6 | 5.7 | 0.080 |
| Less than previous | 434 | 42.1 | 20.5 | 6.4 | |
| Close friend or family member diagnosed with COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 934 | 93.2 | 19.2 | 6.0 | 0.003 |
| Yes | 68 | 6.8 | 21.5 | 6.2 | |
| Received any financial support during the COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 764 | 74.0 | 19.4 | 6.1 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 268 | 26.0 | 19.6 | 5.9 | |
| Received COVID-19 related information from Radio/TV | |||||
| No | 175 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 5.2 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 857 | 83.0 | 19.8 | 6.2 | |
| Received COVID-19 related information from health worker | |||||
| No | 936 | 90.7 | 19.3 | 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 96 | 9.3 | 20.2 | 2.2 | |
| Received COVID-19 related information from friends/family/neighbours | |||||
| No | 297 | 28.8 | 20.6 | 6.7 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 735 | 71.2 | 18.9 | 5.7 | |