Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
|  | Total (n = 6435) | Good or normal parent-child relationship (n = 6183) | Poor parent-child relationship (n = 252) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic and pandemic variables | |||
 Female, n (%) | 3231 (50.2) | 3114 (50.4) | 117 (46.4) |
 Age, years | 15.6 (1.7) | 15.6 (1.7) | 15.4 (1.6) |
 Economic status, n (%) | |||
  High | 651 (10.1) | 634 (10.3) | 17 (6.7) |
  Middle | 5348 (83.1) | 5168 (83.6) | 180 (71.4) |
  Low | 436 (6.8) | 381 (6.2) | 55 (21.8) |
 Key school, n (%) | 2438 (37.9) | 2344 (37.9) | 94 (37.3) |
 Father’s education, n (%) | |||
  Primary school or lower | 1195 (18.6) | 1137 (18.4) | 59 (23.4) |
  Middle/high school | 4537 (70.5) | 4364 (70.6) | 173 (68.7) |
  College or higher | 702 (10.9) | 682 (11.0) | 20 (7.9) |
 Mother’s education, n (%) | |||
  Primary school or lower | 1617 (25.1) | 1552 (25.1) | 65 (25.8) |
  Middle/high school | 4147 (64.4) | 3985 (64.5) | 162 (64.3) |
  College or higher | 671 (10.4) | 646 (10.4) | 25 (9.9) |
 Relatives/friends died or with serious illness, n (%) | 374 (5.8) | 357 (5.8) | 17 (6.7) |
 Collective/home quarantine, n (%) | 1378 (21.4) | 1306 (21.1) | 72 (28.6) |
 Nervous/anxious about the pandemic, n (%) | 3138 (48.8) | 3020 (48.8) | 118 (46.8) |
Depressive symptoms measures | |||
 Total Score for the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) (range 0–54) | 11.5 (7.7) | 11.2 (7.4) | 19.9 (9.9) |
 CDI ≥ 19, n (%) | 1140 (17.7) | 1008 (16.3) | 132 (52.4) |
Study problems | |||
 Having difficulty in studying at home, n (%) | 3490 (54.2) | 3300 (53.4) | 190 (75.4) |
 Having difficulty in studying in school, n (%) | 2857 (44.4) | 2707 (43.8) | 150 (59.5) |
 Dislike remote learning, n (%) | 2967(46.1) | 2803 (45.3) | 164 (65.1) |
 Screen entertainment ≥8 h/day, n (%) | 733 (11.4) | 692 (11.2) | 41 (16.3) |