Fig. 1

The effect sizes in the association between number of study problems and depression score stratified by relationship with parents in linear regression. Model 1 was adjusted for sex and age. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for economic status, school type, mother’s education and father’s education. Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 plus relatives or friends died or with serious illness, quarantine experience and feelings about the pandemic. *p < 0.01 for interaction number of study problems - relationship with parents