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Table 2 Regression analyses of PGD and PCBD

From: Who suffered most after deaths due to COVID-19? Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder in COVID-19 related bereaved adults

 

PGD

   

PCBD

   

Variable

B (SE)

95% CI

β

t

B (SE)

95% CI

β

t

Age

−0.10 (0.07)

− 0.25, 0.04

− 0.10

− 1.40

− 0.15 (0.09)

− 0.33, 0.04

−0.11

− 1.55

Sex

0.52 (0.89)

− 1.23, 2.27

0.03

0.58

0.99 (1.13)

−1.24, 3.22

0.04

0.87

Educationa

 Senior high school

0.88 (2.19)

−3.43, 5.19

0.03

0.40

−0.11 (2.79)

−5.59, 5.37

− 0.003

− 0.39

 College

−1.72 (2.05)

− 5.75, 2.30

− 0.08

− 0.84

− 2.68 (2.61)

− 7.80, 2.45

− 0.09

− 1.03

 Postgraduate

−1.69 (2.99)

−7.57, 4.19

− 0.03

− 0.57

−2.32 (3.81)

−9.80, 5.16

−0.04

− 0.61

Religious beliefb

2.15 (1.87)

− 1.53, 5.83

0.06

1.15

2.78 (2.38)

−1.90, 7.47

0.06

1.17

Age of deceased

−0.003 (0.05)

−0.11, 0.10

− 0.01

−0.06

− 0.01 (0.07)

−0.15, 0.12

− 0.02

−1.17

Time since loss in months

0.05 (0.25)

−0.45, 0.55

0.01

0.18

0.11 (0.32)

−0.52, 0.75

0.02

0.35

Cause of deathc

5.35 (2.45)

0.54, 10.05

0.10

2.19*

7.77 (3.12)

1.64, 13.89

0.11

2.49*

Role of deceasedd

 Partner

7.80 (2.32)

3.24, 12.37

0.38

3.36**

10.73 (2.95)

4.92, 16.54

0.41

3.63***

 Child

8.15 (3.62)

1.03, 15.26

0.20

2.25*

10.27 (4.61)

1.21, 19.32

0.19

2.23*

 Parent

5.49 (2.03)

1.49, 9.48

0.24

2.70**

8.39 (2.59)

3.30, 13.47

0.29

3.24**

 Grandparent

4.46 (2.43)

−0.33, 9.24

0.17

1.83

6.62 (2.59)

0.53, 12.71

0.20

2.14*

 Friend

3.08 (2.34)

−1.52, 7.68

0.12

1.32

4.84 (2.98)

−1.01, 10.69

0.14

1.63

Unexpectedness of death

−0.07 (0.39)

−0.83, 0.70

− 0.009

−0.17

− 0.09 (0.49)

− 1.06, 0.88

−0.009

− 0.19

Traumatic level of loss

1.71 (0.61)

0.52, 2.90

0.17

2.82**

2.23 (0.77)

0.71, 3.74

0.18

2.89**

Closeness with deceased

1.60 (0.64)

0.34, 2.86

0.14

2.50*

1.72 (0.81)

0.12, 3.32

0.12

2.11*

Conflict with deceased

0.57 (0.42)

−0.26, 1.40

0.07

1.34

1.05 (0.54)

−0.008, 2.11

0.10

1.95†

  1. Note. PGD Prolonged Grief Disorder, PCBD Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder, SE Standard Error. CI Confidence Interval
  2. a reference group: junior high school and below
  3. b reference group: no religious belief
  4. c reference group: COVID-19 related complication
  5. d reference group: a combined group of relative and other relationships
  6. † p = 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001