Table 1 Socio-demographical and clinical characteristics of the participants

Variable

N

%

N

%

N

%

χ²

df

P

Male gender

347

32.6

157

31.3

190

33.8

0.74

1

0.391

Married

961

90.4

446

89.0

515

91.6

2.09

1

0.148

Rural residence

373

35.1

203

40.5

170

30.2

12.27

1

< 0.001

Have severe physical illness

190

17.9

104

20.8

86

15.3

5.37

1

0.020

Concerned about COVID-19

744

70.0

347

69.3

397

70.6

0.24

1

0.624

Frequent use of mass media during COVID-19 outbreak

215

20.2

99

19.8

116

20.6

0.13

1

0.721

Limited access to psychiatric services during COVID-19 outbreak

367

34.5

193

38.5

174

31.0

6.70

1

0.010

Poor treatment adherence during COVID-19 outbreak

365

34.3

187

37.3

178

31.7

3.75

1

0.053

Illness worsening during COVID-19 outbreak

564

53.1

345

68.9

219

39.0

95.04

1

< 0.001

Principal psychiatric diagnosis

13.17

1

< 0.001

 MDD

485

45.6

258

51.5

227

40.4

 Other diagnoses ^b

578

54.4

143

48.5

335

59.6

Variable

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

t/Z

df

P

Age (years)

62.80

9.44

62.41

9.48

63.15

9.40

−1.28

1061

0.202

Education (years)

7.96

4.03

7.51

4.04

8.37

3.98

−3.94

-^a

< 0.001

PHQ-9 total score

7.76

6.73

11.40

6.78

4.51

4.73

−17.28

- ^a

< 0.001

ISI total score

8.93

6.36

11.84

6.11

6.34

5.40

−14.26

- ^a

< 0.001

Pain total score

1.53

2.20

2.33

2.59

0.82

1.47

−9.78

- ^a

< 0.001

Overall quality of life

6.26

1.56

5.69

1.55

6.77

1.38

−12.08

1061

< 0.001