Table 3 Main strengths and challenges by key IHR core capacity reviewed/tested in the WHO-supported AAR and SimEx conducted worldwide where reports were available, February 2016 to December 2019

1. Regular meetings and information sharing.

2. Good coordination between partners.

3. Coordination mechanism and structure in place.

1. Lack of stakeholders being involved and well briefed.

2. Lack of a unified command system and decision-making.

3. Insufficient coordination structure and systems in place.

1. Immediate notification, early detection and confirmation of case.

2. Large-scale vaccination for vulnerable people.

3. Safe and dignified burial implemented.

1. Inadequate IPC practices and supplies.

2. Insufficient care for cases.

3. Insufficient isolation of cases.

1. Intersectoral communication with relevant stakeholders involved.

2. Existing communication structure or system in place.

3. Information sharing with media and public.

1. Poor community engagement.

2. Inefficient or inadequate information sharing.

3. Limited support from partners.