Table 3 Factors affecting hospitalization, PAP, CHE-10/25, living arrangements, and economic dependence in India’s elderly

 70–79

1.33 (1.27–1.40)*

1.25 (1.19–1.32)*

1.02 (0.93–1.13)

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

1.02 (0.86–1.21)

1.93 (1.82–2.04)*

 80 and above

1.37 (1.27–1.48)*

1.50 (1.39–1.61)*

1.00 (0.87–1.16)

0.99 (0.84–1.16)

0.86 (0.65–1.12)

3.59 (3.23–3.99)*

 Urban

1.23 (1.16–1.29)*

1.44 (1.37–1.51)*

0.50 (0.45–0.56)*

0.53 (0.47–0.59)*

0.86 (0.72–1.02)

0.98 (0.92–1.03)

 Female

0.69 (0.65–0.72)*

0.98 (0.93–1.03)

0.79 (0.71–0.87)*

0.78 (0.70–0.88)*

2.82 (2.38–3.35)*

10.13 (9.53–10.8)*

 At least one child

0.97 (0.85–1.09)

1.32 (1.16–1.50)*

0.75 (0.60–0.95)

0.81 (0.64–1.03)

0.24 (0.19–0.30)*

2.06 (1.80–2.36)*

 SC

1.09 (0.99–1.20)

1.81 (1.63–2.02)*

1.35 (1.10–1.66)**

1.55 (1.19–2.00)**

1.28 (0.92–1.79)

1.06 (0.95–1.17)

 OBC

1.16 (1.07–1.27)**

1.89 (1.71–2.08)*

1.46 (1.21–1.75)*

1.68 (1.33–2.11)*

1.22 (0.90–1.64)

1.20 (1.09–1.31)*

 General

1.18 (1.08–1.29)*

2.08 (1.89–2.29)*

1.41(1.17–1.69)*

1.59 (1.26–2.01)*

1.22 (0.90–1.65)

1.19 (1.08–1.30)*

 Up to primary

1.09 (1.03–1.16)**

1.33 (1.26–1.41)*

1.18 (1.05–1.33)**

1.26 (1.11–1.44)*

0.73 (0.60–0.90)**

0.85 (0.79–0.91)*

 Up to secondary

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

1.17 (1.10–1.25)*

1.40(1.22–1.60)*

1.50(1.30–1.73)*

0.36 (0.28–0.46)*

0.54 (0.50–0.58)*

 Above Secondary

0.91(0.84–0.99)**

1.02 (0.94–1.11)

1.48 (1.26–1.74)*

1.60(1.34–1.90)*

0.34 (0.26–0.45)*

0.26 (0.24–0.28)*

 Regular Wages

1.02 (0.95–1.08)

1.12 (1.05–1.19)*

1.01 (0.89–1.14)

0.93 (0.81–1.08)

0.49 (0.28–0.87)**

NA

 Casual Labourer

1.03 (0.96–1.10)

1.23 (1.15–1.32)*

0.99 (0.86–1.13)

1.13 (0.97–1.32)

3.01 (2.21–4.09)*

NA

 Poor

1.11 (1.03–1.20)**

1.29 (1.19–1.39)*

0.63 (0.53–0.73)*

0.63 (0.53–0.74)*

0.60 (0.45–0.81)**

0.96 (0.88–1.04)

 Middle

1.31 (1.22–1.41)*

1.56 (1.44–1.68)*

0.56 (0.48–0.64)*

0.59 (0.50–0.69)*

0.79 (0.61–1.03)

0.90 (0.83–0.97)**

 Rich

1.44 (1.38–1.55)*

1.68 (1.56–1.81)*

0.47 (0.40–0.54)*

0.51 (0.43–0.60)*

1.11 (0.87–1.42)

0.80 (0.74–0.87)*

 Richest

1.69 (1.56–1.82)*

2.47 (2.29–2.66)*

0.36 (0.31–0.42)*

0.40 (0.34–0.47)*

1.38 (1.09–1.75)

0.71 (0.65–0.77)*

 Yes

1.27 (1.20–1.34)*

NA

0.52 (0.47–0.58)*

0.57 (0.50–0.64)*

NA

NA

 Private

NA

NA

8.18 (7.41–9.02)*

7.52 (6.6–8.51)*

NA

NA

 Dependent

1.39 (1.31–1.47)*

1.26 (1.19–1.33)*

1.06 (0.95–1.18)

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

NA

NA

 Living alone

2.40 (2.07–2.78)*

1.66 (1.43–1.93)*

2.07 (1.62–2.64)*

2.04 (1.59–2.62)*

NA

0.16 (0.14–0.19)*

Constant

0.16 (0.14–0.19)*

0.05 (0.04–0.06)*

0.56 (0.41–0.76)*

0.14 (0.10–0.19)*

0.009(0.006–0.014)*

0.64 (0.54–0.75)*

 Log likelihood

−23,767.779

−24,171.993

− 6115.6486

− 5128.930

− 2938.437

−19,561.532

 Number of observations

42,755

42,755

10,801

10,801

42,760

42,755

 LR Chi2

1369.42

1974.30

2655.74

1793.75

2396.66

12,375.97

 Prob>Chi2

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.0000

 Pseudo R2

0.028

0.039

0.178

0.149

0.2897

0.2403

 Mean Variance inflation factor

1.56

1.58

1.65

1.65

1.63

1.620

 Mean Pregibon dbeta

0.258

0.275

0.45

0.245

0.019

0.709

 Specification error (linktest): predicted value (_hat)[p > |z|]

0.000

0.000

0.000

0000

0.000

0.000

 Specification error (linktest): predicted value squared (_hatsq) [p > |z|]

0.315

0.141

0.369

0.314

0.387

0.081