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Table 2 Summary of studies (Additional file 1: Detailed summary table)

From: Systematic review of early abortion services in low- and middle-income country primary care: potential for reverse innovation and application in the UK context

First author (Year) Country Abortion legality1 Provider Training Sample size Study type (Description) Qualityb
Andersen et al. (2016) [29] Nepal 4 ANM2 Yes 25,187 Implementation study (Site assessments, and quantitative data collected on service provision and quality) Medium
Assefa et al. (2019) [30] Ethiopia 4 Nurse, Health Officers, Midwives No 405 Cross-sectional study (Structured questionnaires for MLPs) High
Banerjee et al. (2010) [31] India 3 Doctors (Majority OB/GYN3) Yes 60 Implementation study (Semi-structured questionnaire at baseline and follow-up, and in-depth interview with doctors) Medium
Benson et al. (2017) [32] India, Nepal, Nigeria 3, 4, 1 Physicians, ANM2, midwives Yes 3435 Prospective cohort study (Questionnaires for providers at baseline and follow-up over a 4-year period) Medium
Johnson et al. (2018) [33] Kyrgyzstan 4 Midwives and family nurses Yes 554 Implementation study (Abortion outcomes of clients, and questionnaires for clients at exit phase) Medium
Kawonga et al. (2008) [34] South Africa 4 Did not specify Yes 290 Implementation study (Abortion outcomes of clients and exit interview with clients. Qualitative interviews with 5 providers) Low
KC NP et al. (2011) [35] Nepal 4 ANM2 and senior nurses Yes 1799 Implementation study (Abortion outcomes of clients and interview on client’s experience; and qualitative site evaluation) Medium
Marlow et al. (2016) [36] Bangladesh 1 Did not specify N/A 10 Qualitative study (in-depth interview to understand the perspectives women’s experience on medical abortion) High
Mundle et al. (2007) [37] India 3 Doctors Yes 150 Implementation study (Abortion outcome of clients, questionnaires on client experience and daily symptom diary cards for clients) High
Okonofua et al. (2011) [38] Nigeria 1 Doctors (Mostly GP8 and OB/GYN3) No 122 Cross-sectional study (Structured questionnaires for doctors) High
Okonofua et al. (2005) [39] Nigeria 1 Doctors (Majority GP8 and OB/GYN3) No 323 Cross-sectional study (Structured questionnaires for doctors) High
Puri et al. (2018) [40] Nepal 4 ANM2 Yes 605 Prospective cohort study (Structured questionnaire for clients comparing the services in pharmacy vs. public health facility) Medium
Puri et al. (2014) [41] Nepal 4 ANM2 Yes 241 Implementation study (Exit interviews with client, Semi-structured interviews with ANMs) Low
Ramachandar and Pelto (2005) [42] India 3 Doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists No 40 Qualitative study (in-depth interview with providers on medical abortion) Medium
Rocca et al. (2018) [43] Nepal 4 ANM2 Yes 605 Prospective cohort study (Structured questionnaire for clients comparing the services in pharmacy vs. public health facility) High
Tamang et al. (2017) [44] Nepal 4 ANM2 + staff nurses (MLP) vs. doctors Yes 1077 Randomised controlled trial (Exit survey “Acceptability form” administered to ascertain women’s experience) High
Tran et al. (2010) [45] DPRK 4 Doctors Yes 199 Implementation study (Abortion outcomes of clients and exit survey with clients) High
Warriner et al. (2011) [46] Nepal 4 ANM2 + staff nurses (MLP) vs. doctors Yes 1077 Randomised controlled trial (Client abortion outcomes) High
  1. bQuality was judged based on MMAT Critical Appraisal Tool – study methods were evaluated against the MMAT checklist, consisting 5 items (Additional file 1). High quality papers met at least 4 criteria; medium quality papers met 2 or 3 criteria; low quality papers met 1 criterion only. Refer to appendix for detailed evaluation of each criteria
  2. 1. Abortion legality: (1) To save woman’s life only; (2) To save life, preserve physical and mental health; (3) To save life, preserve physical and mental health, and on socioeconomic grounds; (4) On request; 2. ANM: Auxiliary nurse-midwives; 3. OB/GYN: Obstetrician and Gynaecologists; 4. PCF: Primary care facility; 5. FOP: Felsher Obstetric Points; 6. PHC: Primary health centres; 7. HP: Health posts; 8. GP: General practitioner; 9. RHC: Reproductive health clinics; 10. District hospital is considered as part of its primary care in Nepal
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Globalization and Health

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