Table 3 Themes and Sub-themes of Content Analysis
Theme | Subtheme | Codes |
|---|---|---|
Communication | strained working relationships | barriers to aid, attitudes of Chinese workers, language barrier, culture, training, politics |
language barriers | language barrier | |
varying social norms and mores | culture, value | |
patronization of African HCW | attitudes of Chinese workers, aid person, burnout | |
Cultural Perspectives and Historical Context | lack of cultural relativity | culture, value, attitudes of Chinese health workers |
power dynamics | awareness, colonial history, corporate, politics | |
lack of historical context | barriers to aid, future, colonial history, politics | |
absence of trust | barriers to aid, attitudes of Chinese workers, trust, not observed, impact | |
Divergence between Political and Business Agendas | opportunities for private investment | corporate, politics, value |
moral hazard and adverse selection | politics, impact, trust, economic development, corporate, value | |
unequal distribution of political capital (i.e. reference how Africans feel obliged to accept donations) | colonial history, politics, economic development, corporate, impact, value | |
concealed motivation | impact, attitudes of Chinese workers, future | |
influence of multilateral organizations | politics, lack of external collaboration, colonial history, trust, value | |
Organization of Aid Implementation | countries’ policies and procedures misaligned | barriers to aid, procedures, coordination failure, capacity failure |
substandard or expired donations | idle resources, material resources, not observed, substandard, logistical failure, barriers to aid, lack of regulation | |
country needs not met | in-country needs, material resources, infrastructure, training, recommendations, economic development | |
inadequate training | training, sustainability, material resources, aid person, barriers, politics, country needs | |
Management and Leadership | poor country and donor collaboration | logistical failure, barriers to aid, lack of external collaboration |
inadequate consultation | barriers to aid, consultation | |
lack of central authority | barriers to aid, capacity failure, logistical failure, sufficient internal communication | |
Sustainability | wasted, lost, or destroyed resources | idle resources, language barriers, training, material resources, inadequate consultation, sufficient internal communication, lack of external collaboration, not observed |
lack of M&E protocol | evaluation, sustainability | |
aid worker burnout | sustainability, evaluation, burnout, attitudes of Chinese health workers |