Table 2 Multivariate analysis of ANC and SBAs among primigravidas in Uganda (2006–2016)
From: Maternal health services utilisation among primigravidas in Uganda: what did the MDGs deliver?
Timing of 1st ANC visit | ANC visits | SBAs | All 3 services | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Adjusted OR(R. SE.) | Adjusted OR(R. SE.) | Adjusted OR(R. SE.) | Adjusted OR(R. SE.) |
Year | ||||
2006 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
2011 | 1.30 (0.137)** | 0.99 (0.084) | 1.46 (0.154)*** | 1.10 (0.074) |
2016 | 1.48 (0.136)*** | 1.24 (0.092)*** | 2.98 (0.297)*** | 1.42 (0.083)*** |
Education | ||||
Primary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No Form. Edu. | 1.54 (0.216)*** | 0.90 (0.115) | 0.76 (0.102)** | 1.04 (0.108) |
Secondary+ | 1.15 (0.092)* | 1.17 (0.084)** | 2.34 (0.291)*** | 1.16 (0.061)*** |
Age | ||||
≤ 20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
21–25 | 1.05 (0.078) | 1.13 (0.073)* | 1.05 (0.092) | 0.99 (0.049) |
> 25 | 1.33 (0.142)*** | 1.44 (0.169)*** | 2.02 (0.443)*** | 1.25 (0.100)*** |
Marital Status | ||||
Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Single | 0.91 (0.107) | 0.96 (0.087) | 1.11 (0.140) | 0.94 (0.071) |
Religion | ||||
Christian | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Non-Christian | 1.12 (0.104) | 1.03 (0.085) | 0.97 (0.119) | 1.11 (0.070) |
Wealth Quintile | ||||
Richest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Poorest | 0.77 (0.106)* | 0.67 (0.087)*** | 0.43 (0.083)*** | 0.81 (0.077)** |
Poor | 0.76 (0.097)** | 0.65 (0.078)*** | 0.48 (0.090)*** | 0.80 (0.069)*** |
Middle | 0.82 (0.105) | 0.76 (0.090)** | 0.59 (0.112)*** | 0.84 (0.072)** |
Rich | 0.86 (0.098) | 0.73 (0.079)*** | 0.65 (0.118)** | 0.89 (0.070) |
Employment | ||||
Full | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Temporary | 0.88 (0.069) | 0.93 (0.064) | 0.96 (0.090) | 0.90 (0.048)* |
Unemployed | 0.97 (0.081) | 0.88 (0.065)* | 1.18 (0.140) | 0.96 (0.055) |
Financial burden of healthcare access | ||||
Small challenge | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Big challenge | 0.89 (0.064) | 0.96 (0.060) | 1.19 (0.105)* | 0.98 (0.048) |
Physical burden of healthcare access | ||||
Small problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Big problem | 0.996 (0.074) | 0.91 (0.057) | 0.83 (0.070)** | 0.96 (0.048) |
Women’s decision-making power | ||||
Middle | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
High | 1.04 (0.287) | 0.82 (0.205) | 0.63 (0.173)* | 0.97 (0.195) |
Low | 0.93 (0.101) | 0.81 (0.069)** | 0.84 (0.094) | 0.94 (0.066) |
Place of Residence | ||||
Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Urban | 0.82 (0.080)** | 0.86 (0.077)* | 1.91 (0.321)*** | 0.94 (0.064) |
Region of Residence | ||||
North | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Kampala | 0.76 (0.115)* | 1.04 (0.155) | 1.39 (0.455) | 0.99 (0.105) |
Central 1 | 0.76 (0.112)* | 0.84 (0.112) | 0.83 (0.158) | 0.95 (0.098) |
Central 2 | 0.65 (0.098)*** | 0.86 (0.111) | 0.79 (0.135) | 0.81 (0.081)** |
East Central | 0.63 (0.098)*** | 0.95 (0.125) | 1.19 (0.217) | 0.92 (0.093) |
Eastern | 0.52 (0.066)*** | 0.83 (0.084)* | 1.04 (0.135) | 0.73 (0.059)*** |
West Nile | 0.80 (0.109)* | 1.13 (0.136) | 1.33 (0.199)* | 1.02 (0.094) |
Western | 0.72 (0.090)*** | 0.81 (0.090)* | 0.85 (0.122) | 0.86 (0.075)* |
Southwestern | 1.24 (0.149)* | 0.93 (0.114) | 0.83 (0.124) | 1.17 (0.108)* |
Constant | 0.41 (0.069)*** | 3.00 (0.460)*** | 8.86 (1.999)*** | 0.63 (0.073)*** |
Observation | 3477 | 3477 | 3477 | 3477 |