From: Physicians’ brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows
Pseudo - Poisson Maximum Likelihood | ||
---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | |
2004–2016 | 6-year period (2001, 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016) | |
Destination controls | ||
Log Unemployment rate [t-1] | −1.278c (0.18) | −0.915c (0.26) |
Log PISA Scorereading [t-1] | 4.359a (2.43) | 4.903 (4.39) |
Dyadic Controls | ||
Log GDPo/GDPd [t-1] | 1.796c (0.41) | 1.264c (0.47) |
Log Diaspora [2000] | 0.033c (0.01) | 0.032 (0.02) |
Log Distance | −0.645c (0.07) | −0.599c (0.12) |
Colonial-tie dummy | 0.439c (0.10) | 0.557c (0.18) |
Common language dummy | 2.779c (0.11) | 2.641c (0.17) |
Contiguity dummy | −0.194 (0.13) | −0.188 (0.20) |
Both in EU | 0.578c (0.13) | 0.753c (0.21) |
Both in Schengen | 0.247a (0.14) | 0.319 (0.23) |
Supply factors | ||
Log Remuneration of physicians [t-1] | 2.812c (0.83) | 1.393 (1.10) |
Log Density Physicians per 1000 population [t-1] | −2.420c (0.70) | −2.038c (0.76) |
Log Medical Graduates per 100,000 population [t-1] | 1.433c (0.43) | 0.994a (0.58) |
Log Medical Technology [t-1] | 0.991b (0.44) | 1.057a (0.63) |
Demand factors | ||
Log public health expenditures [t-1] | 0.209 (0.51) | 0.226 (1.30) |
Log health insurance coverage [t-1] | −3.114a (1.84) | −3.835 (2.37) |
Log Age dependency ratio [t-1] | 2.146a (1.14) | 5.279c (1.75) |
Log Hospital beds [t-1] | 1.304c (0.47) | 1.446a (0.85) |
Destination FE | YES | YES |
Origin-time FE | YES | YES |
Number of clusters (destination*time) | 172 | 74 |
Observations | 22,232 | 9174 |
R-sqr | 0.827 | 0.846 |