Fig. 1

Partners discovered competing institutional narratives surrounding undeveloped university land, each driven by reinforcing feedback loops. The perception that undeveloped land is underutilised drives new development, which in turn generates income, reinforcing the perception that undeveloped land should be developed (R1). Conversely, when undeveloped land is perceived as valuable, low rates of development will preserve environmental and health benefits, and the experience of these benefits undermines the belief that undeveloped land is underutilised (R2). Figure is reproduced from Ong and Adikan (2018) [38].